Dai Yueting, Sun Lei, Yin Xiaolei, Gao Meng, Zhao Yitong, Jia Peisong, Yuan Xiaohui, Fu Yongping, Li Yu
Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
International Cooperation Research Center of China for New Germplasm and Breeding of Edible Mushrooms, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
Front Microbiol. 2019 Sep 3;10:2024. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02024. eCollection 2019.
(King Oyster) is one of the most highly prized edible mushrooms. Among the diverse varieties within , var. is the commonest one, with a worldwide distribution, while var. is only distributed in Europe and China, and is especially adapted to the Gobi Desert in Xinjiang Autonomous Region of China. However, little is known about the genome-wide pattern of evolution and adaptation to the divergent environments of . Here, we present the high-quality genome sequences of var. strain PEE81 originating from Europe and var. strain PEF12 originating from the Gobi Desert of China. The assembled genome sizes of PEE81 and PEF12 were 53.6 and 48.0 Mbp, respectively, which are larger than other reported genomes in the genus . We propose that the selective amplification of long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons increases the genome size of the genus , and may play a key role in driving their rapid species diversification. Molecular clock analyses of five species, namely PEE81, PEF12, and cf. suggest that the divergence estimates of the genus over time scales ranged from ∼4 to ∼38 million years ago (Mya), and PEE81 and PEF12 diverged at ∼13 Mya. The whole genome resequencing of 33 geographically diverse strains of var. and var. was then performed and the genome variation among and within these two populations were investigated. Comparative analyses of these two populations detected several candidate genes related to stress responses and DNA repair that are putatively involved in adaptation to the Gobi Desert environment. These findings offer insights into genome evolution of the genus and provide valuable genomic resources for King Oyster mushroom breeding.
（金顶侧耳）是最珍贵的食用菌之一。在其多样的品种中，[具体品种1]变种是最常见的，分布于全球，而[具体品种2]变种仅分布在欧洲和中国，尤其适应中国新疆自治区的戈壁沙漠。然而，关于[该物种名称]在全基因组水平上的进化模式以及对不同环境的适应性了解甚少。在此，我们展示了源自欧洲的[具体品种1]变种菌株PEE81和源自中国戈壁沙漠的[具体品种2]变种菌株PEF12的高质量基因组序列。PEE81和PEF12的组装基因组大小分别为53.6和48.0兆碱基对，大于该属其他已报道的基因组。我们提出长末端重复（LTR）逆转座子的选择性扩增增加了该属的基因组大小，并可能在推动其快速物种多样化中起关键作用。对五个[该物种名称]物种，即PEE81、PEF12、[具体品种3]和[具体品种4]的分子钟分析表明，该属在约4至约3800万年前（Mya）的时间尺度上的分歧估计，且PEE81和PEF12在约13 Mya时发生分歧。然后对33个地理上不同的[具体品种1]变种和[具体品种2]变种菌株进行了全基因组重测序，并研究了这两个群体之间和内部的基因组变异。对这两个群体的比较分析检测到了几个与应激反应和DNA修复相关的候选基因，推测它们参与了对戈壁沙漠环境的适应。这些发现为该属的基因组进化提供了见解，并为金顶侧耳育种提供了有价值的基因组资源。
