Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
Int J Nanomedicine. 2019 Sep 19;14:7643-7663. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S223941. eCollection 2019.
Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels. It is a highly regulated process as determined by the interplay between pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors. Under certain conditions the balance between angiogenesis stimulators and inhibitors is altered, which results in a shift from physiological to pathological angiogenesis. Therefore, the goal of therapeutic targeting of angiogenic process is to normalize vasculature in target tissues by enhancing angiogenesis in disease conditions of reduced vascularity and blood flow, such as tissue ischemia, or alternatively to inhibit excessive and abnormal angiogenesis in disorders like cancer. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are special particles that are generated by nanotechnology and composed of an inorganic core containing gold which is encircled by an organic monolayer. The ability of AuNPs to alter vasculature has captured recent attention in medical literature as potential therapeutic agents for the management of pathologic angiogenesis. This review provides an overview of the effects of AuNPs on angiogenesis and the molecular mechanisms and biomedical applications associated with their effects. In addition, the main synthesis methods, physical properties, uptake mechanisms, and toxicity of AuNPs are briefly summarized.
血管生成是指从预先存在的血管中形成新的血管。它是一个高度调节的过程，由促血管生成和抗血管生成因子之间的相互作用决定。在某些条件下，血管生成刺激物和抑制剂之间的平衡被改变，导致从生理血管生成向病理血管生成转变。因此，治疗性靶向血管生成过程的目标是通过在血管生成减少的疾病条件下增强血管生成来使靶组织的血管正常化，例如组织缺血，或者相反，在癌症等疾病中抑制过度和异常的血管生成。金纳米粒子（AuNPs）是通过纳米技术产生的特殊粒子，由含有金的无机核组成，被有机单层包围。AuNPs 改变血管生成的能力在医学文献中引起了最近的关注，作为病理性血管生成管理的潜在治疗剂。本文综述了 AuNPs 对血管生成的影响，以及与其作用相关的分子机制和生物医学应用。此外，还简要总结了 AuNPs 的主要合成方法、物理性质、摄取机制和毒性。
