Hiilamo Aapo, Luotonen Niilo, Mäkinen Lauri, Ristikari Tiina
Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany.
Max Planck - University of Helsinki Center for Social Inequalities in Population Health, Rostock, GermanyHelsinki, Finland.
PLoS One. 2025 Jul 15;20(7):e0327364. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0327364. eCollection 2025.
Monitoring the ways in which childhood socioeconomic environment is associated with adult outcomes is fundamental in terms of informing evidence-based debates. However, we know little about the cohort differences in the association of childhood income with adult outcomes in Finland, a country of low economic inequality and one of the most desegregated educational systems in the OECD countries. We use register data on cohorts born in 1981-89. We divide these cohorts into tenths by their parental, school and postcode-level aggregated income at the age of 15. We focus on five adult outcomes at the age of 30. On average across the cohorts, compared to the highest income groups, the lowest tenth of parental, school and postcode income had, respectively, a 1.8, 1.7 and 1.4-fold risk of death, 3, 1.3 and 0.9-fold risk of low education, 2.5, 1.8, and 1.4-fold risk of long-term unemployment. People with a lower childhood parental or school income were more likely to live with a partner and have children than people from higher income backgrounds. The differences by school and postcode income in the education outcome were small. We observe increasing differences in the education and employment outcomes by parental and, to a lesser extent, school income.
监测儿童社会经济环境与成人结局之间的关联方式，对于开展基于证据的辩论至关重要。然而，在芬兰这个经济不平等程度较低且教育体系在经合组织国家中最为一体化的国家之一，我们对儿童收入与成人结局关联中的队列差异知之甚少。我们使用了1981 - 1989年出生队列的登记数据。我们根据这些队列在15岁时父母、学校和邮政编码级别的综合收入将他们分成十分位数。我们关注30岁时的五项成人结局。在各队列中，平均而言，与最高收入组相比，父母、学校和邮政编码收入最低的十分之一人群的死亡风险分别高出1.8倍、1.7倍和1.4倍，低教育程度风险分别高出3倍、1.3倍和0.9倍，长期失业风险分别高出2.5倍、1.8倍和1.4倍。童年时期父母或学校收入较低的人比高收入背景的人更有可能与伴侣同住并有孩子。学校和邮政编码收入在教育结局方面的差异较小。我们观察到，父母收入以及在较小程度上学校收入在教育和就业结局方面的差异在不断增大。
