Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
Department of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital; School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
Cell Mol Immunol. 2020 Jan;17(1):64-75. doi: 10.1038/s41423-019-0291-4. Epub 2019 Oct 8.
The skin is the largest organ of the body. The establishment of immunological memory in the skin is a crucial component of the adaptive immune response. Once naive T cells are activated by antigen-presenting cells, a small fraction of them differentiate into precursor memory T cells. These precursor cells ultimately develop into several subsets of memory T cells, including central memory T (T) cells, effector memory T (T) cells, and tissue resident memory T (T) cells. T cells have a unique transcriptional profile, and their most striking characteristics are their long-term survival (longevity) and low migration in peripheral tissues, including the skin. Under physiological conditions, T cells that reside in the skin can respond rapidly to pathogenic challenges. However, there is emerging evidence to support the vital role of T cells in the recurrence of chronic inflammatory skin disorders, including psoriasis, vitiligo, and fixed drug eruption, under pathological or uncontrolled conditions. Clarifying and characterizing the mechanisms that are involved in skin T cells will help provide promising strategies for reducing the frequency and magnitude of skin inflammation recurrence. Here, we discuss recent insights into the generation, homing, retention, and survival of T cells and share our perspectives on the biological characteristics of T cells in the recurrence of inflammatory skin disorders.
皮肤是人体最大的器官。皮肤中免疫记忆的建立是适应性免疫反应的关键组成部分。一旦幼稚 T 细胞被抗原呈递细胞激活，其中一小部分就会分化为前体记忆 T 细胞。这些前体细胞最终会发展成几种记忆 T 细胞亚群，包括中央记忆 T（T）细胞、效应记忆 T（T）细胞和组织驻留记忆 T（T）细胞。T 细胞具有独特的转录谱，其最显著的特征是它们在包括皮肤在内的外周组织中的长期存活（长寿）和低迁移。在生理条件下，驻留在皮肤中的 T 细胞可以对病原体的挑战迅速做出反应。然而，有新的证据支持 T 细胞在病理性或失控条件下，在慢性炎症性皮肤疾病（如银屑病、白癜风和固定性药物疹）的复发中发挥重要作用。阐明和描述 T 细胞参与皮肤的机制将有助于提供减少皮肤炎症复发频率和严重程度的有前途的策略。在这里，我们讨论了 T 细胞生成、归巢、保留和存活的最新见解，并分享了我们对炎症性皮肤疾病复发中 T 细胞生物学特性的观点。
