小胶质细胞作为大脑功能的动态细胞介体。
Microglia as Dynamic Cellular Mediators of Brain Function.
机构信息
Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
出版信息
Trends Mol Med. 2019 Nov;25(11):967-979. doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.08.013. Epub 2019 Oct 6.
Abstract
Originally hypothesized to function solely as immunologic responders within the central nervous system (CNS), emerging evidence has revealed that microglia have more complex roles in normal brain development and in the context of disease. In health, microglia influence neural progenitor fate decisions, astrocyte activation, neuronal homeostasis, and synaptogenesis. In the setting of brain disease, including autism, brain tumors, and neurodegenerative disorders, microglia undergo substantial morphological, molecular, and functional changes, which establish new biological states relevant to disease pathogenesis and progression. In this review, we discuss the function of microglia in health and disease and outline a conceptual framework for elucidating their specific contributions to nervous system pathobiology.
摘要
最初假设仅在中枢神经系统 (CNS) 中作为免疫反应者发挥作用，新出现的证据表明，小胶质细胞在正常大脑发育和疾病背景下具有更复杂的作用。在健康状态下，小胶质细胞影响神经祖细胞命运决定、星形胶质细胞激活、神经元内稳态和突触发生。在包括自闭症、脑肿瘤和神经退行性疾病在内的脑部疾病中，小胶质细胞发生显著的形态、分子和功能变化，建立了与疾病发病机制和进展相关的新的生物学状态。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了小胶质细胞在健康和疾病中的功能，并概述了阐明它们对神经系统病理生物学具体贡献的概念框架。
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