中风后失语症患者的词汇选择和流畅性受损。
Impaired Lexical Selection and Fluency in Post-Stroke Aphasia.
作者信息
Botezatu Mona Roxana, Mirman Daniel
机构信息
Department of Communication Science and Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA, ,
Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA, ;
出版信息
Aphasiology. 2019;33(6):667-688. doi: 10.1080/02687038.2018.1508637. Epub 2018 Aug 23.
BACKGROUND
Deficits in fluent language production are a hallmark of aphasia and may arise from impairments at different levels in the language system. It has been proposed that difficulty resolving lexical competition contributes to fluency deficits.
AIMS
The present study tested this hypothesis in a novel way: by examining whether narrative speech production fluency is associated with difficulty resolving lexical competition in spoken word recognition as measured by sensitivity to phonological neighborhood density.
METHODS & PROCEDURES: Nineteen participants with aphasia and 15 neurologically intact older adults identified spoken words that varied in phonological neighborhood density and were presented in moderate noise.
OUTCOMES & RESULTS: Neurologically intact participants exhibited the standard inhibitory effect of phonological neighborhood density on response times: slower recognition of spoken words from denser neighborhoods. Among participants with aphasia, the inhibitory effect of phonological neighborhood density (less accurate recognition of spoken words from denser neighborhoods) was smaller for participants with greater fluency. The neighborhood effect was larger for participants with greater receptive vocabulary knowledge, indicating that the fluency effect was not a result of general lexical deficits.
CONCLUSIONS
These results are consistent with the hypothesis that impaired lexical selection is a contributing factor in fluency deficits in post-stroke aphasia.
背景
流畅语言表达缺陷是失语症的一个标志，可能源于语言系统不同层面的损伤。有人提出，解决词汇竞争困难会导致流畅性缺陷。
目的
本研究以一种新颖的方式检验了这一假设：通过考察叙事言语产生的流畅性是否与在口语单词识别中解决词汇竞争的困难相关，该困难通过对语音邻域密度的敏感性来衡量。
方法与步骤
19名失语症患者和15名神经功能正常的老年人识别语音邻域密度不同且在适度噪音环境下呈现的口语单词。
结果
神经功能正常的参与者表现出语音邻域密度对反应时间的标准抑制作用：来自密度较高邻域的口语单词识别较慢。在失语症患者中，对于流畅性较高的参与者，语音邻域密度的抑制作用（来自密度较高邻域的口语单词识别准确性较低）较小。对于接受性词汇知识较多的参与者，邻域效应较大，这表明流畅性效应不是一般词汇缺陷的结果。
结论
这些结果与以下假设一致，即词汇选择受损是中风后失语症流畅性缺陷的一个促成因素。
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