New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2019 Dec 1;205:107590. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107590. Epub 2019 Sep 27.
Drinking during pregnancy dropped sharply in the U.S. in the 1980s. More recent time trends in adult drinking and binge drinking in men, non-pregnant and pregnant women have not been directly compared.
Using logistic regression and National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) 2002-2017 data on any drinking and 2002-2014 data on binge drinking, trends in men, non-pregnant and pregnant women were compared. Analyses of any drinking included 470,309 participants (221,344 men; 236,197 non-pregnant women; 12,768 pregnant women); of binge drinking, 379,379 participants (178,869 men; 189,923 non-pregnant women; 10,587 pregnant women).
In all participants, drinking decreased (62.2%-60.3%). Among adults ages 18-20, drinking decreased in men, non-pregnant women, and pregnant women (-18.4%; -11.1%; -5.3%), as did binge drinking (-11.8%; -5.6%; -3.7%). Among adults ages 21-44, drinking increased in non-pregnant women (+2.3%), and decreased in men and pregnant women (-2.6% and -3.3%), while binge drinking increased in non-pregnant women (+2.7%), but not in pregnant women (-1.8%) or men (0.0%).
Drinking increased in U.S. women ages 21-44, but not those who were pregnant. Increases in women and continuing high rates in men indicate the need for better public health efforts. Divergent trends in men, non-pregnant, and pregnant women ages 21-44 suggest differential influences on drinking. Continued low rates in pregnant women are encouraging, but maintaining public health messages about drinking during pregnancy and innovative efforts to prevent such drinking are needed. Different results in ages 18-20 and 21-44 highlight the importance of developmental stages in drinking.
20 世纪 80 年代，美国孕妇饮酒量大幅下降。最近，男性、非孕妇和孕妇的成人饮酒和狂饮趋势尚未直接比较。
使用逻辑回归和国家药物使用和健康调查（NSDUH）2002-2017 年任何饮酒数据和 2002-2014 年狂饮数据，比较男性、非孕妇和孕妇的趋势。任何饮酒的分析包括 470309 名参与者（221344 名男性；236197 名非孕妇；12768 名孕妇）；狂饮的分析包括 379379 名参与者（178869 名男性；189923 名非孕妇；10587 名孕妇）。
在所有参与者中，饮酒量下降（62.2%-60.3%）。在 18-20 岁的成年人中，男性、非孕妇和孕妇的饮酒量减少（-18.4%；-11.1%；-5.3%），狂饮量也减少（-11.8%；-5.6%；-3.7%）。在 21-44 岁的成年人中，非孕妇的饮酒量增加（2.3%），男性和孕妇的饮酒量减少（-2.6%和-3.3%），而狂饮量在非孕妇中增加（2.7%），但在孕妇中没有增加（-1.8%）或男性中没有增加（0.0%）。
美国 21-44 岁女性的饮酒量增加，但孕妇的饮酒量没有增加。女性饮酒量增加，而男性饮酒率仍然很高，这表明需要更好的公共卫生努力。21-44 岁男性、非孕妇和孕妇的饮酒趋势不同，表明对饮酒的影响不同。孕妇继续保持低饮酒率令人鼓舞，但需要继续宣传怀孕期间饮酒的危害，并采取创新措施防止这种情况发生。18-20 岁和 21-44 岁的结果不同，突出了饮酒发展阶段的重要性。
