Chighizola Matteo, Dini Tania, Lenardi Cristina, Milani Paolo, Podestà Alessandro, Schulte Carsten
Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (C.I.Ma.I.Na.) and Department of Physics ``Aldo Pontremoli'', Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133, Milan, Italy.
Biophys Rev. 2019 Oct;11(5):701-720. doi: 10.1007/s12551-019-00587-2. Epub 2019 Oct 15.
Although many details remain still elusive, it became increasingly evident in recent years that mechanosensing of microenvironmental biophysical cues and subsequent mechanotransduction are strongly involved in the regulation of neuronal cell development and functioning. This review gives an overview about the current understanding of brain and neuronal cell mechanobiology and how it impacts on neurogenesis, neuronal migration, differentiation, and maturation. We will focus particularly on the events in the cell/microenvironment interface and the decisive extracellular matrix (ECM) parameters (i.e. rigidity and nanometric spatial organisation of adhesion sites) that modulate integrin adhesion complex-based mechanosensing and mechanotransductive signalling. It will also be outlined how biomaterial approaches mimicking essential ECM features help to understand these processes and how they can be used to control and guide neuronal cell behaviour by providing appropriate biophysical cues. In addition, principal biophysical methods will be highlighted that have been crucial for the study of neuronal mechanobiology.
尽管许多细节仍难以捉摸，但近年来越来越明显的是，对微环境生物物理线索的机械感知以及随后的机械转导在神经元细胞发育和功能调节中起着重要作用。本综述概述了目前对脑和神经元细胞机械生物学的理解，以及它如何影响神经发生、神经元迁移、分化和成熟。我们将特别关注细胞/微环境界面中的事件以及决定性的细胞外基质（ECM）参数（即粘附位点的刚性和纳米级空间组织），这些参数调节基于整合素粘附复合体的机械感知和机械转导信号。还将概述模仿基本ECM特征的生物材料方法如何有助于理解这些过程，以及它们如何通过提供适当的生物物理线索来控制和引导神经元细胞行为。此外，将重点介绍对神经元机械生物学研究至关重要的主要生物物理方法。
