Somes-Tisa Water Basin Administration, Cluj-Napoca 400213, Romania.
INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, Cluj-Napoca 400293, Romania.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Oct 23;16(21):4064. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16214064.
Metal transfer along the food chain has raised concerns about impacts on human health due to dietary exposure to low but chronic concentrations. Soil-forage-milk-consumer is a short food chain through which metals are able to reach an organism.
Pb, Cu, Cd, and Zn were determined in water, soil, forage, and milk samples collected from free-range cattle farms situated near Baia Mare, Romania. The soil-to-forage () and forage-to-milk () transfer factors for metals and the health risk for three population groups (females, males, and children) through the consumption of milk containing low levels of metals were assessed.
indicated that the uptake capabilities of the metals from soil to forage were in the following order: Zn > Cd > Cu > Pb. indicated a lack of metal accumulation through forage ingestion. Estimated daily () and provisional tolerable weekly () intake values revealed a minimal exposure of the population to those metals through milk consumption. A noncarcinogenic hazard index indicated that milk consumption from local markets does not pose any risk for human health; however, the average cancer risk showed a high potential carcinogenic risk.
The consumption of milk produced by small local farmers does not pose noncarcinogenic risks. More extended studies should be carried out in order to identify the potential carcinogenic risk caused by the low levels of metals in the milk consumed.
食物链中的金属迁移引起了人们对人类健康影响的关注，因为饮食中会接触到低浓度但慢性的金属。土壤-草料-奶-消费者是一条短食物链，金属可以通过这条食物链进入生物体。
在罗马尼亚巴亚马雷附近的自由放养牛场采集了水、土壤、草料和牛奶样本，测定了其中的 Pb、Cu、Cd 和 Zn 含量。评估了土壤到草料（）和草料到奶（）的金属转移系数，以及通过食用含有低水平金属的奶，三个人群（女性、男性和儿童）面临的健康风险。
表明，金属从土壤到草料的摄取能力依次为：Zn > Cd > Cu > Pb。表明通过草料摄入不存在金属积累。估计每日（）和暂定每周（）摄入量值显示，通过饮用牛奶，人群接触这些金属的程度很低。非致癌危害指数表明，从当地市场购买的牛奶不会对人类健康构成任何风险；然而，平均癌症风险显示出高的潜在致癌风险。
饮用当地小农户生产的牛奶不会产生非致癌风险。为了确定饮用的牛奶中低水平金属造成的潜在致癌风险，应该进行更广泛的研究。
