Oliveira Filho Emanuel Felipe de, López-Alonso Marta, Vieira Marcolino Guilherme, Castro Soares Pierre, Herrero-Latorre Carlos, Lopes de Mendonça Carla, de Azevedo Costa Nivaldo, Miranda Marta
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife 52171-900, Brazil.
Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Jul 30;13(15):2465. doi: 10.3390/ani13152465.
The aim of this study was to provide information on the levels of toxic (Cd and Pb) and essential (Cu, Fe, and Zn) elements in cow's milk produced in the State of Pernambuco (Brazil). A total of 142 samples of raw milk were collected, and the concentrations of essential and toxic elements were determined using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. In almost 30% of the samples analyzed, the Pb content exceeded the maximum level established in the Brazilian legislation (0.05 mg/L). By contrast, in all the samples, the Cd content was below the maximum allowable level (0.02 mg/L). The essential trace elements Cu, Fe, and Zn were generally present at lower concentrations than reported in other studies and can be considered within the deficient range for cow's milk. Statistical and chemometric procedures were used to evaluate the main factors influencing the metal concentrations (proximity to major roads, presence of effluents, and milking method). The study findings demonstrate that the proximity of the farms to major roads influences the concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Cu and that this is the main factor explaining the Pb content of milk. In addition, the presence of effluents influenced the concentrations of Cu, while no relationship between the metal content and the milking method was observed. Thus, in accordance with the study findings, the consumption of cow's milk produced in the region can be considered a risk to public health due to the high concentrations of Pb and the low concentrations of other essential minerals such as Cu, Zn, and Fe in some of the milk samples.
本研究旨在提供有关巴西伯南布哥州生产的牛奶中有毒元素（镉和铅）和必需元素（铜、铁和锌）含量的信息。共采集了142份生牛奶样本，并使用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定了必需元素和有毒元素的浓度。在近30%的分析样本中，铅含量超过了巴西立法规定的最高水平（0.05毫克/升）。相比之下，在所有样本中，镉含量均低于最大允许水平（0.02毫克/升）。必需微量元素铜、铁和锌的浓度通常低于其他研究报告的水平，可认为处于牛奶的缺乏范围内。采用统计和化学计量程序评估影响金属浓度的主要因素（靠近主要道路、废水排放情况和挤奶方式）。研究结果表明，农场靠近主要道路会影响镉、铅和铜的浓度，这是解释牛奶中铅含量的主要因素。此外，废水排放影响了铜的浓度，而未观察到金属含量与挤奶方式之间的关系。因此，根据研究结果，由于部分牛奶样本中铅含量高，而其他必需矿物质如铜、锌和铁含量低，该地区生产的牛奶消费可能被认为对公众健康构成风险。
