Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.
Department of Communication and Education, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Seville, Spain.
J Youth Adolesc. 2020 Jan;49(1):352-368. doi: 10.1007/s10964-019-01151-7. Epub 2019 Oct 29.
Over the last few years, the protective role of parental monitoring on adolescent adjustment (i.e., active parental efforts aimed at setting limits and tracking adolescents' activities and whereabouts) has been challenged. Recent research has shifted attention to the conditions under which monitoring may be more or less effective. Grounded in Self-Determination Theory, this study investigated the role of parents' autonomy-supportive and psychologically controlling parenting in effects of parental monitoring on adolescents' adjustment. It also considered the role of adolescents' clinical status (i.e., clinically referred vs non-referred). Adopting a person-centered approach, we aimed to identify naturally occurring profiles of monitoring, autonomy-support, and psychological control and to examine differences between these profiles in terms of life satisfaction, positive affect, and internalizing and externalizing problems. Participants included 218 referred (M = 14.44, 56% girls) and 218 matched adolescents from a larger sample of 1056 community (Mage = 14.83, 52.9% girls). Multigroup Latent Profile Analyses revealed five parenting profiles which were structurally equivalent in both samples: high monitoring with either high autonomy support or high psychological control, low monitoring with either high autonomy-support or high psychological control, and an average profile. Referred youth were significantly more present in the average profile and in the profiles characterized by high levels of psychological control. As hypothesized, profiles showed a differential association with adolescents' self-reported adjustment, with the high monitoring-high autonomy support profile yielding the most optimal and the low monitoring-high psychological control profile yielding the worst outcomes. Associations between profiles and outcomes were similar for referred and non-referred adolescents. These findings highlight the importance of considering the parenting climate (i.e., autonomy-supportive versus psychologically controlling) to understand effects of parental monitoring during adolescence.
在过去的几年中，父母监控对青少年适应的保护作用（即父母积极努力设定限制并跟踪青少年的活动和行踪）受到了挑战。最近的研究将注意力转移到了监控可能更有效或更无效的条件下。本研究以自我决定理论为基础，探讨了父母的自主支持和心理控制教养方式在父母监控对青少年适应的影响中的作用。它还考虑了青少年临床状况（即临床转诊与非转诊）的作用。采用以人为中心的方法，我们旨在确定监控、自主支持和心理控制的自然出现的模式，并研究这些模式在生活满意度、积极情绪以及内化和外化问题方面的差异。参与者包括来自较大样本（1056 名社区青少年，Mage=14.83，52.9%为女孩）中 218 名转诊（M=14.44，56%为女孩）和 218 名匹配的青少年。多组潜在剖面分析显示，这两个样本中存在五种具有结构等效性的教养模式：高监控与高自主支持或高心理控制，低监控与高自主支持或高心理控制，以及平均模式。转诊青少年在平均模式和高心理控制水平特征的模式中更为显著。正如假设的那样，各模式与青少年自我报告的适应情况存在差异，高监控-高自主支持模式产生的结果最佳，而低监控-高心理控制模式产生的结果最差。转诊和非转诊青少年的模式与结果之间存在相似的关联。这些发现强调了考虑养育氛围（即自主支持与心理控制）以理解青少年时期父母监控影响的重要性。
