Dong Ruonan, Ma Peter X, Guo Baolin
Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Biologic and Materials Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Biomaterials. 2020 Jan;229:119584. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119584. Epub 2019 Oct 31.
Muscle tissues are soft tissues that are of great importance in force generation, body movements, postural support and internal organ function. Muscle tissue injuries would not only result in the physical and psychological pain and disability to the patient, but also become a severe social problem due to the heavy financial burden they laid on the governments. Current treatments for muscle tissue injuries all have their own severe limitations and muscle tissue engineering has been proposed as a promising therapeutic strategy to treat with this problem. Conductive biomaterials are good candidates as scaffolds in muscle tissue engineering due to their proper conductivity and their promotion on muscle tissue formation. However, a review of conductive biomaterials function in muscle tissue engineering, including the skeletal muscle tissue, cardiac muscle tissue and smooth muscle tissue regeneration is still lacking. Here we reviewed the recent progress of conductive biomaterials for muscle regeneration. The recent synthesis and fabrication methods of conductive scaffolds containing conductive polymers (mainly polyaniline, polypyrrole and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), carbon-based nanomaterials (mainly graphene and carbon nanotube), and metal-based biomaterials were systematically discussed, and their application in a variety of forms (such as hydrogels, films, nanofibers, and porous scaffolds) for different kinds of muscle tissues formation (skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle and smooth muscle) were summarized. Furthermore, the mechanism of how the conductive biomaterials affect the muscle tissue formation was discussed and the future development directions were included.
肌肉组织是软组织，在力量产生、身体运动、姿势支撑和内脏器官功能方面具有重要意义。肌肉组织损伤不仅会给患者带来身体和心理上的痛苦以及残疾，还会因其给政府带来的沉重经济负担而成为一个严重的社会问题。目前针对肌肉组织损伤的治疗方法都有其严重的局限性，肌肉组织工程已被提出作为治疗这一问题的一种有前景的治疗策略。导电生物材料因其适当的导电性及其对肌肉组织形成的促进作用，是肌肉组织工程中作为支架的良好候选材料。然而，目前仍缺乏对导电生物材料在肌肉组织工程中功能的综述，包括骨骼肌组织、心肌组织和平滑肌组织的再生。在此，我们综述了导电生物材料在肌肉再生方面的最新进展。系统地讨论了含导电聚合物（主要是聚苯胺、聚吡咯和聚（3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩））、碳基纳米材料（主要是石墨烯和碳纳米管）以及金属基生物材料的导电支架的最新合成和制备方法，并总结了它们以各种形式（如水凝胶、薄膜、纳米纤维和多孔支架）用于不同类型肌肉组织（骨骼肌、心肌和平滑肌）形成的应用。此外，还讨论了导电生物材料影响肌肉组织形成的机制，并涵盖了未来的发展方向。
