Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, GwangJu, 501-759, Korea.
Department of Life Science, BK21-Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Korea.
J Mol Med (Berl). 2020 Jan;98(1):25-37. doi: 10.1007/s00109-019-01846-1. Epub 2019 Nov 12.
The functional loss of adult stem cells is a major cause of aging and age-related diseases. Changes in the stem cell niche, increased energy metabolic rate, and accumulation of cell damage severely affect the function and regenerative capacity of stem cells. Reducing the cellular damage and maintaining a pristine stem cell niche by regulating the energy metabolic pathways could be ideal for the proper functioning of stem cells and tissue homeostasis. Numerous studies point out that caloric restriction (CR) has beneficiary effects on stem cell maintenance and tissue regeneration. Recent researches indicate the preventive nature of calorie restriction in stem cells by modulating the stem cell niche through the reduction of energy metabolism and eventually decrease stem cell damage. In this review, we have focused on the general stimuli of stem cell aging, particularly the energy metabolism as an intrinsic influence and stem cell niche as an extrinsic influence in different adult stem cells. Further, we discussed the mechanism behind CR in different adult stem cells and their niche. Finally, we conclude on how CR can enhance the stem cell function and tissue homeostasis through the stem cells niche.
成年干细胞的功能丧失是衰老和与年龄相关疾病的主要原因。干细胞龛的变化、能量代谢率的增加和细胞损伤的积累严重影响了干细胞的功能和再生能力。通过调节能量代谢途径来减少细胞损伤并维持原始的干细胞龛，对于干细胞的正常功能和组织稳态是理想的。许多研究指出，热量限制（CR）对干细胞的维持和组织再生有有益的影响。最近的研究表明，通过降低能量代谢来调节干细胞龛，最终减少干细胞损伤，从而预防卡路里限制对干细胞的影响。在这篇综述中，我们重点讨论了干细胞衰老的一般刺激因素，特别是能量代谢作为内在影响和干细胞龛作为不同成年干细胞的外在影响。此外，我们讨论了 CR 在不同成年干细胞及其龛中的作用机制。最后，我们总结了 CR 如何通过干细胞龛来增强干细胞功能和组织稳态。
