Department of Construction and Real Estate, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, No. 2 Southeast Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211189, China.
Business School, Hohai University, No. 8 West Focheng Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211100, China.
Accid Anal Prev. 2020 Jan;134:105350. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2019.105350. Epub 2019 Nov 10.
Previous studies have acknowledged the impact of risk perception on safety behavior, but were largely controversial. This study aims to clarify this conflict and the mechanism through which risk perception can have an impact on safety behavior. From the perspective of the dual attribute of the job demand concept in job demands-resources theory, we posit that risk perception can be considered as a job hindrance or a job challenge depending on the context, thereby resulting in a negative or positive impact on safety behavior, respectively. The current research context is the construction industry and the hypotheses were tested using hierarchically nested data collected from 311 workers in 35 workgroups. Risk perception was demonstrated to be a job hindrance exerting a negative impact on safety behavior and safety motivation mediated this effect. In addition, two dimensions of group-level safety climate--supervisor's and coworkers'--were expected to alleviate or even reverse the detrimental effects of hindrance risk perception on safety motivation and on safety behavior via motivation. A moderation model and a first-stage moderated mediation model were established, respectively, for testing the moderating roles of safety climate in the relationship between risk perception and safety motivation, and in the indirect relationship of risk perception with safety behavior via motivation. Surprisingly, contrary to the hypotheses, when supervisor's safety climate changed from a low level to a high level, the impact of risk perception on safety motivation changed from positive to negative, and the negative effect of risk perception on safety behavior via safety motivation was not alleviated but worsened. As expected, for workers in a positive coworkers' safety climate, the negative effect of risk perception on motivation and the indirect negative effect of risk perception on behavior were both reversed to the positive. This indicates that coworkers' safety climate helped to change perceived risk from a job hindrance to a challenge. This research contributes to workplace risk perception and safety behavior research by theoretically viewing risk perception as a dual job hindrance-challenge concept and proposing two competing hypotheses concerning the impact of risk perception on safety behavior. The empirical investigation confirmed the hindrance attribute of risk perception in the construction context. It provides a theoretical framework and empirical evidence for future research to synthesize the conflict risk perception-safety behavior relationship. We also contribute to the literature by pointing out the potential negative role of certain supervisor safety activities such as paternalistic leadership in influencing employee safety.
先前的研究已经承认风险感知对安全行为的影响，但存在很大争议。本研究旨在澄清这种冲突以及风险感知影响安全行为的机制。从工作需求-资源理论中工作需求概念的双重属性的角度来看，我们假设风险感知可以根据情境被视为工作障碍或工作挑战，从而分别对安全行为产生负面影响或积极影响。当前的研究背景是建筑行业，通过从 35 个工作组中的 311 名工人收集的分层嵌套数据来检验假设。结果表明，风险感知是一种工作障碍，对安全行为产生负面影响，安全动机在这种影响中起中介作用。此外，组级安全氛围的两个维度——主管和同事——预计通过动机来缓解甚至扭转障碍风险感知对安全动机和安全行为的不利影响。建立了一个调节模型和一个第一阶段的调节中介模型，分别用于检验安全氛围在风险感知与安全动机之间关系中的调节作用，以及风险感知通过动机与安全行为之间的间接关系。令人惊讶的是，与假设相反，当主管的安全氛围从低水平变为高水平时，风险感知对安全动机的影响从积极变为消极，而风险感知通过安全动机对安全行为的负面影响并没有减轻，反而恶化了。正如预期的那样，对于处于积极的同事安全氛围中的工人，风险感知对动机的负面影响以及风险感知对行为的间接负面影响都被扭转到积极。这表明同事的安全氛围有助于将感知风险从工作障碍转变为挑战。本研究通过从理论上将风险感知视为双重工作障碍-挑战概念，并提出关于风险感知对安全行为影响的两个竞争性假设，为工作场所风险感知和安全行为研究做出了贡献。实证调查证实了风险感知在建筑环境中的障碍属性。它为未来的研究提供了一个理论框架和实证证据，以综合冲突风险感知-安全行为关系。我们还通过指出某些主管安全活动（如家长式领导）在影响员工安全方面的潜在负面作用，为文献做出了贡献。
