Institute of Innate Immunity, Biophysical Imaging, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
Research Group Molecular Physiology, Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (Caesar), 53175 Bonn, Germany.
Biochem Soc Trans. 2019 Dec 20;47(6):1733-1747. doi: 10.1042/BST20190246.
The second messenger 3',5'-cyclic nucleoside adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) plays a key role in signal transduction across prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Cyclic AMP signaling is compartmentalized into microdomains to fulfil specific functions. To define the function of cAMP within these microdomains, signaling needs to be analyzed with spatio-temporal precision. To this end, optogenetic approaches and genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors are particularly well suited. Synthesis and hydrolysis of cAMP can be directly manipulated by photoactivated adenylyl cyclases (PACs) and light-regulated phosphodiesterases (PDEs), respectively. In addition, many biosensors have been designed to spatially and temporarily resolve cAMP dynamics in the cell. This review provides an overview about optogenetic tools and biosensors to shed light on the subcellular organization of cAMP signaling.
第二信使 3'，5'-环核苷酸腺苷酸（cAMP）在原核生物和真核生物的信号转导中起着关键作用。环 AMP 信号转导被分隔成微区以实现特定的功能。为了在这些微区中定义 cAMP 的功能，需要以时空精度来分析信号转导。为此，光遗传学方法和遗传编码的荧光生物传感器特别适用。cAMP 的合成和水解可以分别通过光激活的腺苷酸环化酶（PACs）和光调节的磷酸二酯酶（PDEs）直接操纵。此外，许多生物传感器被设计用来在细胞内空间和时间上解析 cAMP 动力学。本综述提供了光遗传学工具和生物传感器的概述，以阐明 cAMP 信号转导的亚细胞组织。
