Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States.
Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States.
Elife. 2019 Nov 14;8:e49257. doi: 10.7554/eLife.49257.
Animals employ diverse learning rules and synaptic plasticity dynamics to record temporal and statistical information about the world. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this diversity are poorly understood. The anatomically defined compartments of the insect mushroom body function as parallel units of associative learning, with different learning rates, memory decay dynamics and flexibility (Aso and Rubin, 2016). Here, we show that nitric oxide (NO) acts as a neurotransmitter in a subset of dopaminergic neurons in . NO's effects develop more slowly than those of dopamine and depend on soluble guanylate cyclase in postsynaptic Kenyon cells. NO acts antagonistically to dopamine; it shortens memory retention and facilitates the rapid updating of memories. The interplay of NO and dopamine enables memories stored in local domains along Kenyon cell axons to be specialized for predicting the value of odors based only on recent events. Our results provide key mechanistic insights into how diverse memory dynamics are established in parallel memory systems.
动物利用多种学习规则和突触可塑性动态来记录有关世界的时间和统计信息。然而，这种多样性的分子机制还了解甚少。昆虫蘑菇体的解剖定义隔室作为联想学习的并行单元，具有不同的学习率、记忆衰减动力学和灵活性（Aso 和 Rubin，2016）。在这里，我们表明一氧化氮 (NO) 在 中的一组多巴胺能神经元中作为神经递质发挥作用。NO 的作用比多巴胺的作用发展得更慢，并且取决于突触后 Kenyon 细胞中的可溶性鸟苷酸环化酶。NO 与多巴胺拮抗；它缩短了记忆保留时间，并促进了记忆的快速更新。NO 和多巴胺的相互作用使沿 Kenyon 细胞轴突的局部区域存储的记忆能够专门用于仅根据最近的事件预测气味的价值。我们的研究结果为了解不同的记忆动力学如何在并行记忆系统中建立提供了关键的机制见解。
