Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Neurobiol Aging. 2019 Nov;83:150-154. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.04.013. Epub 2019 Apr 30.
Novel approaches to address cognitive aging and to delay or prevent cognitive decline in older individuals will require a better understanding of the biological and environmental factors that contribute to it. Studies in animal models-in particular, animals whose cognitive trajectory across their life span closely tracks that of humans-can provide important insights into the factors that contribute to the accumulation of reserve and ways in which it is preserved or depleted. A better understanding of the molecular processes that underlie these elements would enhance and guide not only research but also treatment approaches to these issues. These treatment approaches may include noninvasive brain stimulation and drug treatments to promote youthfulness or combat the aging process. It is important to realize, however, that these processes occur in the context of the human experience, and studies of them must consider the complexity and individuality of each person's life.
要找到解决认知老化问题的新方法，延缓或预防老年人认知能力下降，就需要更好地理解导致认知老化的生物学和环境因素。动物模型研究——尤其是那些认知轨迹在其整个生命周期中与人类非常相似的动物——可以为导致储备积累的因素以及储备得以保留或消耗的方式提供重要的见解。更好地理解这些因素所依赖的分子过程不仅将增强和指导针对这些问题的研究，还将指导治疗方法。这些治疗方法可能包括非侵入性脑刺激和药物治疗，以促进年轻化或对抗衰老过程。然而，必须认识到，这些过程是在人类经验的背景下发生的，对这些过程的研究必须考虑到每个人生活的复杂性和个体性。
