Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Department of Medicine and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
Neurobiol Aging. 2019 Nov;83:130-134. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.04.016.
The structure and function of the brain change over the life span. Aged brains often accumulate pathologic lesions, such as amyloid plaques and tau tangles, which lead to diminished cognitive ability in some, but not all, individuals. The basis of this vulnerability and resilience is unclear. Age-related changes can alter neural firing patterns and ability to form new memories. Risk factors for cognitive decline include male sex and apolipoprotein E genotype. Physical activity seems to be protective against cognitive decline. Longitudinal studies have shown that, although the onset of amyloid pathology and associated cognitive decline can vary greatly, once it begins, the rate of deposition is similar among affected individuals. This session of the Cognitive Aging Summit III explored fixed and modifiable factors that can threaten cognitive function in aging adults and approaches to modulate at least some of these risks.
大脑的结构和功能会随着生命周期而发生变化。衰老的大脑通常会积累病理性病变，如淀粉样斑块和 tau 缠结，导致一些人（但不是所有人）认知能力下降。这种脆弱性和弹性的基础尚不清楚。与年龄相关的变化会改变神经放电模式和形成新记忆的能力。认知能力下降的风险因素包括男性性别和载脂蛋白 E 基因型。身体活动似乎可以预防认知能力下降。纵向研究表明，尽管淀粉样蛋白病理学和相关认知能力下降的发病时间差异很大，但一旦开始，受影响个体的沉积速度相似。本次认知老化峰会 III 探讨了可能威胁老年人认知功能的固定和可改变因素，以及至少部分调节这些风险的方法。
