Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, Food Technology Reference Net (XaRTA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, Campus Torribera, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, Food Technology Reference Net (XaRTA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, Campus Torribera, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
Food Res Int. 2019 Dec;126:108666. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108666. Epub 2019 Sep 11.
Legumes are a well-known source of phytochemicals and are commonly believed to have similar composition between different genera. To date, there are no studies evaluating changes in legumes to discover those compounds that help to discriminate for food quality and authenticity. The aim of this work was to characterize and make a comparative analysis of the composition of bioactive compounds between Cicer arietinum L. (chickpea), Lens culinaris L. (lentil) and Phaseolus vulgaris L. (white bean) through an LC-MS-Orbitrap metabolomic approach to establish which compounds discriminate between the three studied legumes. Untargeted metabolomic analysis was carried out by LC-MS-Orbitrap from extracts of freeze-dried legumes prepared from pre-cooked canned legumes. The metabolomic data treatment and statistical analysis were realized by using MAIT R's package, and final identification and characterization was done using MS experiments. Fold-change evaluation was made through Metaboanalyst 4.0. Results showed 43 identified and characterized compounds displaying differences between the three legumes. Polyphenols, mainly flavonol and flavanol compounds, were the main group with 30 identified compounds, followed by α-galactosides (n = 5). Fatty acyls, prenol lipids, a nucleoside and organic compounds were also characterized. The fold-change analysis showed flavanols as the wider class of discriminative compounds of lentils compared to the other legumes; prenol lipids and eucomic acids were the most discriminative compounds of beans versus other legumes and several phenolic acids (such as primeveroside salycilic), kaempferol derivatives, coumesterol and α-galactosides were the most discriminative compounds of chickpeas. This study highlights the applicability of metabolomics for evaluating which are the characteristic compounds of the different legumes. In addition, it describes the future application of metabolomics as tool for the quality control of foods and authentication of different kinds of legumes.
豆类是植物化学物质的众所周知的来源，通常被认为在不同属之间具有相似的组成。迄今为止，还没有研究评估豆类的变化以发现有助于区分食品质量和真实性的化合物。这项工作的目的是通过 LC-MS-Orbitrap 代谢组学方法对鹰嘴豆、兵豆和白芸豆的生物活性化合物组成进行表征和比较分析，以确定区分这三种研究豆类的化合物。通过 LC-MS-Orbitrap 从预煮罐装豆类制备的冻干豆类提取物中进行非靶向代谢组学分析。代谢组学数据处理和统计分析是通过 MAIT R 包实现的，最终的鉴定和表征是通过 MS 实验完成的。通过 Metaboanalyst 4.0 进行 fold-change 评估。结果显示，在三种豆类之间存在 43 种已鉴定和表征的化合物。多酚，主要是黄酮醇和黄烷醇化合物，是主要的化合物组，有 30 种已鉴定的化合物，其次是α-半乳糖苷（n=5）。脂肪酸酰基、prenol 脂质、核苷和有机化合物也得到了表征。fold-change 分析表明，与其他豆类相比，黄烷醇是豆科植物中更广泛的鉴别化合物类；prenol 脂质和 eucomic 酸是豆类与其他豆类相比最具鉴别性的化合物，几种酚酸（如樱草糖苷水杨酸）、山奈酚衍生物、豆固醇和α-半乳糖苷是鹰嘴豆最具鉴别性的化合物。本研究强调了代谢组学在评估不同豆类特征化合物方面的适用性。此外，它描述了代谢组学作为不同豆类食品质量控制和鉴定工具的未来应用。
