液体核组学——细胞核中的相变一览。
The liquid nucleome - phase transitions in the nucleus at a glance.
机构信息
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544, USA.
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544, USA
出版信息
J Cell Sci. 2019 Nov 21;132(22):jcs235093. doi: 10.1242/jcs.235093.
Cells organize membrane-less internal compartments through a process called liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) to create chemically distinct compartments, referred to as condensates, which emerge from interactions among biological macromolecules. These condensates include various cytoplasmic structures such as P-granules and stress granules. However, an even wider array of condensates subcompartmentalize the cell nucleus, forming liquid-like structures that range from nucleoli and Cajal bodies to nuclear speckles and gems. Phase separation provides a biophysical assembly mechanism underlying this non-covalent form of fluid compartmentalization and functionalization. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we term these phase-separated liquids that organize the nucleus the liquid nucleome; we discuss examples of biological phase transitions in the nucleus, how the cell utilizes biophysical aspects of phase separation to form and regulate condensates, and suggest interpretations for the role of phase separation in nuclear organization and function.
细胞通过一种称为液-液相分离（LLPS）的过程来组织无膜的内部隔室，从而形成化学上不同的隔室，称为凝聚物，这些凝聚物是由生物大分子相互作用产生的。这些凝聚物包括各种细胞质结构，如 P 颗粒和应激颗粒。然而，还有更多的凝聚物亚区室化了细胞核，形成了液态结构，范围从核仁、Cajal 体到核斑点和宝石。相分离为这种非共价形式的流体区室化和功能化提供了一种生物物理组装机制。在这篇《细胞科学一览》文章和随附的海报中，我们将这些组织核的相分离液体称为液体核组；我们讨论了核内生物相变的例子，细胞如何利用相分离的生物物理方面来形成和调节凝聚物，并对相分离在核组织和功能中的作用提出解释。
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