Plant Breeding Innovation Advocacy, Euroseeds, Avenue des Arts 52, 1000, Brussels, Belgium.
Plant Cell Rep. 2020 Jan;39(1):163-167. doi: 10.1007/s00299-019-02482-2. Epub 2019 Nov 21.
Innovations in plant breeding like genome editing methods raised questions about the adequacy of established regulatory policies for plant breeding and biotechnology in view of these new breeding methods and the resulting products. Most countries follow the principle approach that only those plants will be regulated under biotech regulations that include a novel combination of genetic material following the Cartagena protocol. In contrast to this, the European Court of Justice interpreted the current EU biotech regulations in a way that these also apply to plants resulting from new mutagenesis breeding, even if these plants are indistinguishable from conventionally bred plants. This ruling created strong reactions and concerns stating that recent technical developments have made the EU GMO Directive no longer fit for purpose. The article describes ongoing policy developments on EU level that might result in an update of current regulations.
植物育种方面的创新，如基因组编辑方法，使得人们对现有的植物育种和生物技术监管政策是否充分产生了疑问，因为这些新的育种方法和由此产生的产品。大多数国家遵循的原则是，只有那些根据《卡塔赫纳议定书》包含新颖遗传物质组合的生物技术法规所涵盖的植物才需要受到监管。与此相反，欧洲法院对现行的欧盟生物技术法规的解释是，这些法规也适用于通过新的诱变育种产生的植物，即使这些植物与传统培育的植物无法区分。这一裁决引起了强烈的反应和担忧，称最近的技术发展使得欧盟的转基因生物指令不再适用。本文描述了欧盟层面正在进行的政策发展，这可能导致对现行法规的更新。
