Department of Family and Geriatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 6 Str., PL-20-081 Lublin, Poland.
Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawińska 8 Str., PL-31-066 Krakow, Poland.
Nutrients. 2023 Aug 29;15(17):3778. doi: 10.3390/nu15173778.
Research suggests that various biological and psychosocial mechanisms are involved in the heterogeneous and complex relationship between dietary patterns and depressive symptoms. The occurrence of depressive symptoms is thought to be related to socioeconomic status (SES), with those with lower SES being more likely to experience persistent depression. The aim of the undertaken study was to investigate whether socioeconomic and health variables are associated with dietary assessment in a population with high rates of social deprivation and whether a relationship exists between dietary assessment and depressive symptoms (DS). The respondents' nutrition was evaluated through a qualitative method, using the Perinumeric Periodic Table questionnaire by Starzyńska. At the same time, the prevalence of DS was assessed employing the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). In the DS screening (PHQ-9 ≥ 10), in the entire study population, the risk of DS was 16.1% ( = 605). In our entire study population, up to 61.2% ( = 2297) of the respondents exhibited poor dietary patterns. In the multivariate model, women with almost adequate or poor dietary assessment were 1.62 and 2.18 times more likely to score at least 10 on the PHQ-9 questionnaire, as compared to women whose dietary assessment was good or adequate. In conclusion, it was determined that sociodemographic variables affect nutritional habits. Women who lived in rural areas limited to a vocational education had significantly poorer diets. Moreover, men, younger men, smokers, and those without chronic diseases were characterized by a poorer dietary assessment. Additionally, women who had a better dietary assessment were significantly more likely to have lower scores on the questionnaire assessing the occurrence of DS (PHQ-9 10).
研究表明，各种生物和心理社会机制都参与了饮食模式与抑郁症状之间的异质和复杂关系。抑郁症状的发生被认为与社会经济地位（SES）有关，SES 较低的人更容易持续抑郁。本研究旨在探讨在一个社会剥夺率较高的人群中，社会经济和健康变量是否与饮食评估有关，以及饮食评估与抑郁症状（DS）之间是否存在关系。通过使用 Starzyńska 的 Perinumeric Periodic Table 问卷对受访者的营养状况进行了定性评估。同时，采用患者健康问卷-9（PHQ-9）评估 DS 的患病率。在 DS 筛查（PHQ-9≥10）中，在整个研究人群中，DS 的风险为 16.1%（=605）。在我们的整个研究人群中，高达 61.2%（=2297）的受访者表现出不良的饮食模式。在多变量模型中，与饮食评估良好或充足的女性相比，饮食评估几乎充足或较差的女性在 PHQ-9 问卷上至少得 10 分的可能性分别高出 1.62 倍和 2.18 倍。总之，确定了社会人口统计学变量会影响营养习惯。居住在农村地区、受限于职业教育的女性饮食明显较差。此外，男性、年轻男性、吸烟者和没有慢性疾病的人饮食评估较差。此外，饮食评估较好的女性在评估 DS 发生的问卷（PHQ-9 10）上的得分明显较低。
