Mkenda Prisila A, Ndakidemi Patrick A, Mbega Ernest, Stevenson Philip C, Arnold Sarah E J, Gurr Geoff M, Belmain Steven R
Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Biodiversity and Ecosystems Management, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania.
School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia.
PeerJ. 2019 Nov 28;7:e8091. doi: 10.7717/peerj.8091. eCollection 2019.
Field margin and non-crop vegetation in agricultural systems are potential ecosystem services providers because they offer semi-natural habitats for both below and above ground animal groups such as soil organisms, small mammals, birds and arthropods that are service supplying units. They are considered as a target area for enhancing farm biodiversity.
To explore the multiple potential benefits of these semi-natural habitats and to identify research trends and knowledge gaps globally, a review was carried out following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A total of 235 publications from the year 2000 to 2016 in the Scopus and Web of Science databases were reviewed.
The literature showed an increasing trend in the number of published articles over time with European studies leading in the proportion of studies conducted, followed by North America, Asia, South America, Africa and Australia. Several functional groups of organisms were studied from field margin and non-crop vegetation around agricultural lands including natural enemies (37%), insect pests (22%), birds (17%), pollinators (16%), soil macro fauna (4%) and small mammals (4%). Ecosystem services derived from the field margin included natural pest regulation, pollination, nutrient cycling and reduced offsite erosion. Some field margin plants were reported to host detrimental crop pests, a major ecosystem dis-service, potentially leading to increased pest infestation in the field.
The majority of studies revealed the importance of field margin and non-crop vegetation around arable fields in enhancing ecosystem biodiversity. Promotion of field margin plants that selectively enhance the population of beneficial organisms would support sustainable food security rather than simply boosting plant diversity. Our analyses also highlight that agro-ecological studies remain largely overlooked in some regions.
农业系统中的田边和非作物植被是潜在的生态系统服务提供者，因为它们为地下和地上的动物群体提供半自然栖息地，如土壤生物、小型哺乳动物、鸟类和节肢动物，这些都是服务供应单元。它们被视为增强农场生物多样性的目标区域。
为了探索这些半自然栖息地的多种潜在益处，并确定全球的研究趋势和知识空白，按照系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目指南进行了一项综述。对Scopus和Web of Science数据库中2000年至2016年的235篇出版物进行了综述。
文献表明，随着时间的推移，已发表文章的数量呈上升趋势，欧洲的研究在开展的研究比例中领先，其次是北美、亚洲、南美、非洲和澳大利亚。对农田周围田边和非作物植被中的几个生物功能群进行了研究，包括天敌（37%）、害虫（22%）、鸟类（17%）、传粉者（16%）、土壤大型动物（4%）和小型哺乳动物（4%）。从田边获得的生态系统服务包括自然害虫调节、授粉、养分循环和减少场外侵蚀。据报道，一些田边植物滋生有害作物害虫，这是一种主要的生态系统负服务，可能导致田间害虫侵袭增加。
大多数研究揭示了耕地周围田边和非作物植被在增强生态系统生物多样性方面的重要性。推广能有选择地增加有益生物种群数量的田边植物，将有助于实现可持续粮食安全，而不仅仅是增加植物多样性。我们的分析还强调，农业生态研究在一些地区仍然基本被忽视。
