Hodgson Nickisa M, Rajaii Fatemeh
Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Department of Ophthalmology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
Ophthalmol Ther. 2020 Mar;9(1):21-33. doi: 10.1007/s40123-019-00226-9. Epub 2019 Dec 10.
Thyroid associated orbitopathy (TAO) is a common diagnosis encountered by ophthalmologists and oculoplastic surgeons. TAO has a varying clinical presentation that can include upper eyelid retraction, restrictive strabismus, proptosis, exposure keratopathy, and optic neuropathy. In this review, we discuss the most recent literature on and the current understanding of the pathophysiology of TAO. We also review available and potential future treatment options for the management of TAO.
甲状腺相关眼病（TAO）是眼科医生和眼整形外科医生常见的诊断病例。TAO临床表现多样，可包括上睑退缩、限制性斜视、眼球突出、暴露性角膜病变和视神经病变。在本综述中，我们讨论了关于TAO病理生理学的最新文献以及当前的认识。我们还综述了TAO治疗的现有及潜在的未来治疗选择。
