Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia.
Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Tartu, 51010, Estonia.
Sci Rep. 2019 Dec 11;9(1):18811. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-55344-y.
The presence of genomic signatures of Eurasian origin in contemporary Ethiopians has been reported by several authors and estimated to have arrived in the area from 3000 years ago. Several studies reported plausible source populations for such a signature, using haplotype based methods on modern data or single-site methods on modern or ancient data. These studies did not reach a consensus and suggested an Anatolian or Sardinia-like proxy, broadly Levantine or Neolithic Levantine as possible sources. We demonstrate, however, that the deeply divergent, autochthonous African component which accounts for ~50% of most contemporary Ethiopian genomes, affects the overall allele frequency spectrum to an extent that makes it hard to control for it and, at once, to discern between subtly different, yet important, Eurasian sources (such as Anatolian or Levant Neolithic ones). Here we re-assess pattern of allele sharing between the Eurasian component of Ethiopians (here called "NAF" for Non African) and ancient and modern proxies. Our results unveil a genomic legacy that may connect the Eurasian genetic component of contemporary Ethiopians with Sea People and with population movements that affected the Mediterranean area and the Levant after the fall of the Minoan civilization.
几位作者曾报道过欧亚起源的基因组特征在当代埃塞俄比亚人中的存在，并估计这些特征是在 3000 年前从该地区到达的。一些研究使用现代数据上的基于单倍型的方法或现代或古代数据上的单点方法，为这种特征报告了可能的来源人群。这些研究没有达成共识，并提出了安纳托利亚或撒丁岛类似的替代方案，广泛的黎凡特或新石器时代黎凡特作为可能的来源。然而，我们证明，占大多数当代埃塞俄比亚人基因组约 50%的深度分歧的、本土的非洲成分，会在很大程度上影响整体等位基因频率谱，使其难以控制，并同时难以辨别微妙不同但重要的欧亚来源（如安纳托利亚或黎凡特新石器时代的来源）。在这里，我们重新评估了埃塞俄比亚欧亚成分（这里称为“非非洲”）与古代和现代替代方案之间的等位基因共享模式。我们的结果揭示了一个可能将当代埃塞俄比亚人的欧亚遗传成分与海上民族以及影响地中海地区和黎凡特的人口流动联系起来的基因组遗产，这些人口流动发生在米诺斯文明衰落之后。
