Lipson Mark, Szécsényi-Nagy Anna, Mallick Swapan, Pósa Annamária, Stégmár Balázs, Keerl Victoria, Rohland Nadin, Stewardson Kristin, Ferry Matthew, Michel Megan, Oppenheimer Jonas, Broomandkhoshbacht Nasreen, Harney Eadaoin, Nordenfelt Susanne, Llamas Bastien, Gusztáv Mende Balázs, Köhler Kitti, Oross Krisztián, Bondár Mária, Marton Tibor, Osztás Anett, Jakucs János, Paluch Tibor, Horváth Ferenc, Csengeri Piroska, Koós Judit, Sebők Katalin, Anders Alexandra, Raczky Pál, Regenye Judit, Barna Judit P, Fábián Szilvia, Serlegi Gábor, Toldi Zoltán, Gyöngyvér Nagy Emese, Dani János, Molnár Erika, Pálfi György, Márk László, Melegh Béla, Bánfai Zsolt, Domboróczki László, Fernández-Eraso Javier, Antonio Mujika-Alustiza José, Alonso Fernández Carmen, Jiménez Echevarría Javier, Bollongino Ruth, Orschiedt Jörg, Schierhold Kerstin, Meller Harald, Cooper Alan, Burger Joachim, Bánffy Eszter, Alt Kurt W, Lalueza-Fox Carles, Haak Wolfgang, Reich David
Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Institute of Archaeology, Research Centre for the Humanities, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest 1097, Hungary.
Nature. 2017 Nov 16;551(7680):368-372. doi: 10.1038/nature24476. Epub 2017 Nov 8.
Ancient DNA studies have established that Neolithic European populations were descended from Anatolian migrants who received a limited amount of admixture from resident hunter-gatherers. Many open questions remain, however, about the spatial and temporal dynamics of population interactions and admixture during the Neolithic period. Here we investigate the population dynamics of Neolithization across Europe using a high-resolution genome-wide ancient DNA dataset with a total of 180 samples, of which 130 are newly reported here, from the Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods of Hungary (6000-2900 bc, n = 100), Germany (5500-3000 bc, n = 42) and Spain (5500-2200 bc, n = 38). We find that genetic diversity was shaped predominantly by local processes, with varied sources and proportions of hunter-gatherer ancestry among the three regions and through time. Admixture between groups with different ancestry profiles was pervasive and resulted in observable population transformation across almost all cultural transitions. Our results shed new light on the ways in which gene flow reshaped European populations throughout the Neolithic period and demonstrate the potential of time-series-based sampling and modelling approaches to elucidate multiple dimensions of historical population interactions.
古代DNA研究已经证实，新石器时代的欧洲人口是安纳托利亚移民的后裔，这些移民与当地的狩猎采集者有少量的基因混合。然而，关于新石器时代人口互动和基因混合的时空动态，仍有许多悬而未决的问题。在这里，我们使用一个高分辨率的全基因组古代DNA数据集，对欧洲新石器时代的人口动态进行了研究。该数据集共有180个样本，其中130个是本文新报告的，来自匈牙利（公元前6000 - 2900年，n = 100）、德国（公元前5500 - 3000年，n = 42）和西班牙（公元前5500 - 2200年，n = 38）的新石器时代和铜石并用时代。我们发现，遗传多样性主要由当地过程塑造，三个地区以及不同时期的狩猎采集者祖先来源和比例各不相同。具有不同祖先特征的群体之间的基因混合很普遍，并且在几乎所有文化转变中都导致了可观察到的人口转变。我们的研究结果为新石器时代基因流动重塑欧洲人口的方式提供了新的线索，并展示了基于时间序列的采样和建模方法在阐明历史人口互动多个维度方面的潜力。
