Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Mar 1;706:135975. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135975. Epub 2019 Dec 9.
Non-optimal weather conditions and air pollution pose a significant threat to children's health. However, the relative impact of different environmental exposures on childhood allergic diseases remains unclear.
This study aimed to quantify the relative impact of meteorological factors and air pollutants on childhood allergic diseases in Shanghai, China.
Data on clinical visits due to childhood asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR) and atopic dermatitis (AD) from 2007 to 2017 in Shanghai were collected from Shanghai Children's Medical Center and Xinhua Hospital. The meteorological data (i.e. daily mean temperature, temperature difference, air pressure, air pressure difference, precipitation, relative humidity, sunshine and wind speed) for the same period were obtained from the Shanghai Meteorological Center. Air pollution data (PM, PM, NO, SO and O) were provided by the Shanghai Environmental Protection Agency. Quasi-Poisson regression with distributed lag non-linear models and Poisson regression combined with generalized linear models were used to assess the relative impact of meteorological factors and air pollutants on childhood allergic diseases.
There were a total of 2,410,392 cases of childhood allergic diseases, including 975,771 asthma, 646,975 AR and 787,646 AD. Most of environmental factors were significantly associated with childhood allergic diseases. Daily mean temperature (standard β: -0.076 (95% confidence interval (CI): -0.086, -0.067)) and air pressure (standard β: 0.075 (95% CI: 0.068, 0.082)) seemed to play more important roles than other environmental factors in the occurrence of these allergic diseases. The numbers of these allergic diseases attributable to an interquartile range (IQR) change in meteorological factors also appeared to be greater than those attributable to an IQR change in air pollutants.
Both climatic variation and air pollution were associated with childhood allergic diseases, but the former appeared to play a more important role in the occurrence of these diseases. These findings may have significant implications for the development of tailored strategies to prevent these rapidly-increasing diseases worldwide.
非理想的天气条件和空气污染对儿童健康构成了重大威胁。然而，不同环境暴露对儿童过敏性疾病的相对影响尚不清楚。
本研究旨在量化气象因素和空气污染物对中国上海儿童过敏性疾病的相对影响。
本研究从上海儿童医学中心和新华医院收集了 2007 年至 2017 年期间因儿童哮喘、过敏性鼻炎（AR）和特应性皮炎（AD）就诊的数据。同期气象数据（即日平均气温、温差、气压、气压差、降水、相对湿度、日照和风速）从上海气象中心获得。空气污染数据（PM、PM、NO、SO 和 O）由上海市环境保护局提供。采用分布滞后非线性模型的拟泊松回归和广义线性模型结合泊松回归来评估气象因素和空气污染物对儿童过敏性疾病的相对影响。
共有 2410392 例儿童过敏性疾病，其中哮喘 975771 例，AR 646975 例，AD 787646 例。大多数环境因素与儿童过敏性疾病显著相关。日平均气温（标准 β：-0.076（95%置信区间（CI）：-0.086，-0.067））和气压（标准 β：0.075（95% CI：0.068，0.082））似乎比其他环境因素在这些过敏性疾病的发生中发挥更重要的作用。气象因素 IQR 变化引起的这些过敏性疾病的数量似乎也大于空气污染物 IQR 变化引起的数量。
气候变异和空气污染都与儿童过敏性疾病有关，但前者在这些疾病的发生中似乎起着更重要的作用。这些发现可能对制定有针对性的策略来预防全球这些快速增长的疾病具有重要意义。
