Department of Psychology, Universidad de Jaén, Campus las Lagunillas S/N, 23071, Jaén, Spain.
Qual Life Res. 2020 May;29(5):1373-1384. doi: 10.1007/s11136-019-02389-1. Epub 2019 Dec 16.
This study examines the adjustment of different equivalent measurement models for the factorial structures of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), which have shown a good fit to data from the general population. Furthermore, we examine measurement invariance (MI) based on gender and age.
A total of 1011 Spanish individuals (52.40% female) completed the CD-RISC.
The results indicated that the 10-item single-factor model was the only model that fit the data. Significant latent mean differences showed that the levels of resilience among women were significantly lower than those among men. Regarding age, uniform MI was confirmed, showing the homogeneity of the population.
Our exhaustive review of the extant published studies that address factor analyses and gender and age differences demonstrates that the results vary greatly. Furthermore, our model test comparison finds that the 10-item model is the best in the Spanish population. Moreover, men show higher resilience than women, while age is not a decisive variable, most likely showing that life events are more important than these demographic variables.
本研究考察了康纳-戴维森韧性量表（CD-RISC）的不同等效测量模型对其因子结构的调整，这些模型在一般人群的数据中表现出良好的拟合度。此外，我们还基于性别和年龄检验了测量不变性（MI）。
共有 1011 名西班牙个体（52.40%为女性）完成了 CD-RISC。
结果表明，10 项单因素模型是唯一拟合数据的模型。显著的潜在均值差异表明，女性的韧性水平明显低于男性。关于年龄，确认了统一的 MI，表明人群具有同质性。
我们对现有发表的关于因子分析以及性别和年龄差异的研究进行了详尽的回顾，结果表明差异非常大。此外，我们的模型测试比较发现，10 项模型在西班牙人群中是最佳的。此外，男性比女性表现出更高的韧性，而年龄不是一个决定性的变量，这很可能表明生活事件比这些人口统计学变量更为重要。
