Department of Biotechnology, National institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research -Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
Department of Medical Device, National institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research -Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
Stem Cell Rev Rep. 2019 Dec;15(6):755-773. doi: 10.1007/s12015-019-09912-4.
Occurrence of stem cells (CSCs) in cancer is well established in last two decades. These rare cells share several properties including presence of common surface markers, stem cell markers, chemo- and radio- resistance and are highly metastatic in nature; thus, considered as valuable prognostic and therapeutic targets in cancer. However, the studies related to CSCs pave number of issues due to rare cell population and difficulties in their isolation ascribed to common stem cell marker. Various techniques including flow cytometry, laser micro-dissection, fluorescent nanodiamonds and microfluidics are used for the isolation of these rare cells. In this review, we have included the advance strategies adopted for the isolation of CSCs using above mentioned techniques. Furthermore, CSCs are primarily found in the core of the solid tumors and their microenvironment plays an important role in maintenance, self-renewal, division and tumor development. Therefore, in vivo tracking and model development become obligatory for functional studies of CSCs. Fluorescence and bioluminescence tagging has been widely used for transplantation assay and lineage tracking experiments to improve our understanding towards CSCs behaviour in their niche. Techniques such as Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Positron emission tomography (PET) have proved useful for tracking of endogenous CSCs which could be helpful in their identification in clinical settings.
在过去的二十年中，癌症中干细胞（CSC）的存在已得到充分证实。这些罕见的细胞具有一些共同的特性，包括存在共同的表面标志物、干细胞标志物、化学和放射抗性，并且具有高度的转移性，因此被认为是癌症有价值的预后和治疗靶点。然而，与 CSC 相关的研究由于罕见细胞群体的存在以及由于常见的干细胞标志物而导致的分离困难而引发了许多问题。各种技术，包括流式细胞术、激光微切割、荧光纳米金刚石和微流控技术，都用于分离这些罕见细胞。在这篇综述中，我们纳入了使用上述技术分离 CSC 的先进策略。此外，CSC 主要存在于实体瘤的核心部位，其微环境在维持、自我更新、分裂和肿瘤发展中起着重要作用。因此，体内追踪和模型开发对于 CSC 的功能研究是必不可少的。荧光和生物发光标记已广泛用于移植分析和谱系追踪实验，以提高我们对 CSC 在其生态位中的行为的理解。磁共振成像（MRI）和正电子发射断层扫描（PET）等技术已被证明可用于追踪内源性 CSC，这有助于在临床环境中识别它们。
