Center for Healthy Aging, Pennsylvania State University, United States of America; Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, United States of America.
Trinity College, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Horm Behav. 2020 Jul;123:104657. doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2019.104657. Epub 2020 Jan 2.
The challenge hypothesis makes specific predictions about the association between testosterone and status-seeking behaviors, but the findings linking testosterone to these behaviors are often inconsistent. The dual-hormone hypothesis was developed to help explain these inconsistencies. Specifically, according to this hypothesis, testosterone's association with status-seeking behavior depends on levels of cortisol. Here, we (1) describe the dual-hormone hypothesis in relation to the challenge hypothesis; (2) review recent studies that tested the dual-hormone hypothesis as well as meta-scientific evidence of heterogeneous dual-hormone findings across studies; (3) discuss potential explanations for this heterogeneity, including methodological considerations, contextual factors, and individual differences; and (4) provide recommendations for new work aimed at testing and extending the dual-hormone hypothesis.
挑战假说对睾丸酮和寻求地位行为之间的关系做出了具体预测，但将睾丸酮与这些行为联系起来的发现往往不一致。双激素假说的提出是为了帮助解释这些不一致。具体来说，根据这一假说，睾丸酮与寻求地位行为的关系取决于皮质醇的水平。在这里，我们：(1) 描述双激素假说与挑战假说的关系；(2) 回顾最近检验双激素假说的研究以及跨研究的双激素发现的元科学证据的异质性；(3) 讨论这种异质性的潜在解释，包括方法学考虑、情境因素和个体差异；以及 (4) 为旨在检验和扩展双激素假说的新工作提供建议。
