Knight Erik L
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Muenzinger D244, 345 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0345 USA.
Adapt Human Behav Physiol. 2022;8(4):461-488. doi: 10.1007/s40750-022-00199-3. Epub 2022 Aug 23.
Social status has been extensively linked to stress and health outcomes. However, two routes by which status can be earned - dominance and prestige - may not uniformly relate to lower stress and better health because of inherent behavioral and stress-exposure differences in these two routes.
In one exploratory and two preregistered studies, participants (total N = 978) self-reported their trait dominance and prestige and self-reported several stress and health outcomes.
The meta-effects evident across the three studies indicate that higher trait dominance was associated with worse outcomes - higher stress, poorer physical and mental health, poorer behavioral health, poorer life satisfaction, higher negative affect (range of absolute values of non-zero correlations, || = [0.074, 0.315], s < 0.021) - and higher trait prestige was associated with better outcomes - lower stress, better physical and mental health, better behavioral health, better life satisfaction, higher positive and lower negative mood (|| = [0.134, 0.478], s < 0.001). These effects remained evident (with few exceptions) after controlling for socioeconomic status, other status-relevant traits, or self-enhancing motives; associations with behavior relevant to the COVID19 pandemic generally were not robust.
This work indicates that evolved traits related to the preferred route by which status is earned likely impact self-reported stress and health outcomes. Future research is necessary to examine physiological and other objective indicators of stress and health in more diverse populations.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40750-022-00199-3.
社会地位已被广泛认为与压力和健康结果相关。然而，获得地位的两种途径——支配地位和威望——可能并非都与较低的压力和更好的健康状况一致相关，因为这两种途径存在内在的行为和压力暴露差异。
在一项探索性研究和两项预先注册的研究中，参与者（总计N = 978）自我报告了他们的特质支配性和威望，并自我报告了几种压力和健康结果。
三项研究中明显的元效应表明，较高的特质支配性与较差的结果相关——更高的压力、更差的身心健康、更差的行为健康、更低的生活满意度、更高的负面情绪（非零相关性绝对值范围，|| = [0.074, 0.315]，s < 0.021）——而较高的特质威望与较好的结果相关——较低的压力、更好的身心健康、更好的行为健康、更好的生活满意度、更高的积极情绪和更低的负面情绪（|| = [0.134, 0.478]，s < 0.001）。在控制社会经济地位、其他与地位相关的特质或自我提升动机后，这些效应仍然明显（少数例外情况除外）；与新冠疫情相关行为的关联通常并不稳健。
这项研究表明，与获得地位的偏好途径相关的进化特质可能会影响自我报告的压力和健康结果。未来有必要在更多样化的人群中研究压力和健康的生理及其他客观指标。
在线版本包含可在10.1007/s40750-022-00199-3获取的补充材料。
