Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland.
J Mol Biol. 2020 May 29;432(12):3714-3721. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.11.021. Epub 2019 Dec 18.
The circadian system consists of individual cellular clocks. It organizes and synchronizes biochemical and physiological processes in order to optimally adapt an organism to its environment. This requires that the circadian system is responsive to environmental cues, which contain information about geophysical time (e.g., light), and allows an organism to predict daily recurring events. However, the system needs to be responsive to unpredictable cues (e.g., predators, stress) as well, which makes it vulnerable in its task to synchronize body functions on a 24-h time scale. If unpredictable signals occur only occasionally, this will have a minor effect on the clock system. Conversely, stress signals that occur more frequently will desynchronize the various cellular and tissue clocks in the body. This will result in biochemical and physiological disorder and as a consequence will lead to various diseases including neurological and mood disorders. In this review, I will describe molecular mechanisms that have been associated with the circadian clock and mood-related behaviors.
生物钟系统由个体细胞时钟组成。它组织和同步生物化学和生理过程，以使生物体能够最佳地适应环境。这要求生物钟系统对环境线索做出反应，这些线索包含有关地球物理时间（例如光）的信息，并使生物体能够预测每天重复发生的事件。然而，该系统也需要对不可预测的线索（例如捕食者、压力）做出反应，这使得它在将身体功能同步到 24 小时时间尺度上的任务中变得脆弱。如果不可预测的信号只是偶尔发生，这将对时钟系统产生较小的影响。相反，如果压力信号更频繁地发生，将会使身体内的各种细胞和组织时钟不同步。这将导致生物化学和生理紊乱，并因此导致各种疾病，包括神经和情绪障碍。在这篇综述中，我将描述与生物钟和与情绪相关的行为相关的分子机制。
