Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
Environ Pollut. 2020 Apr;259:113711. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113711. Epub 2019 Dec 13.
Human interferences have caused groundwater contamination in alluvial aquifers which subsequently affects the health of exposed population. In the present study, 74 groundwater samples from the semi-arid region of Panipat district, falling under Yamuna sub-basin, India was evaluated to know the potential non-carcinogenic human health risk in local adult and child population. The major objective of the present study was to know the non-carcinogenic human health risk due to intake of fluoride and nitrate contaminated water, using two different approaches: deterministic and probabilistic (Monte Carlo simulation). The values of hazard quotient (HQ) determined by deterministic as well as probabilistic approach were nearly identical. The hazard index (HI) value of 40.8% samples was above the unity in case of adults while 69.7% samples indicated HI value greater than unity for children thus indicating children are more prone to non-carcinogenic health risk than the adult population. Sensitivity analysis was performed to identify the influence of the non-carcinogenic human health risk predictor variables for the prediction of risk and concentration factor (CF) was the most influential variable. Multivariate statistical techniques were employed to know the positive and negative relationship of fluoride and nitrate with other parameters. Results of principal component analysis/factor analysis (PCA/FA) indicated that the concentration of fluoride is controlled by the presence of calcium due to their negative correlation in groundwater samples. The hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis (HCA) also supported the outcome of PCA/FA and both indicated anthropogenic sources of fluoride and nitrate in groundwater.
人类活动导致了冲积含水层的地下水污染，进而影响了暴露人群的健康。在本研究中，评估了印度亚穆纳子流域潘尼帕特区半干旱地区的 74 个地下水样本，以了解当地成年和儿童人群因摄入氟化物和硝酸盐污染水而产生的潜在非致癌性健康风险。本研究的主要目的是使用两种不同方法（确定性和概率性（蒙特卡罗模拟））来了解由于摄入氟化物和硝酸盐污染的水而导致的非致癌性人类健康风险。确定性和概率性方法确定的危害商（HQ）值几乎相同。在成年人中，有 40.8%的样本的危害指数（HI）值超过了 1，而对于儿童，有 69.7%的样本的 HI 值大于 1，这表明儿童比成年人群更容易受到非致癌性健康风险的影响。进行了敏感性分析，以确定非致癌性人类健康风险预测变量对风险预测的影响，浓度因子（CF）是最具影响力的变量。采用多元统计技术来了解氟化物和硝酸盐与其他参数之间的正相关和负相关关系。主成分分析/因子分析（PCA/FA）的结果表明，由于地下水中氟化物和钙的负相关关系，氟化物的浓度受钙的存在控制。层次聚类分析（HCA）也支持 PCA/FA 的结果，两者均表明地下水氟化物和硝酸盐的人为来源。
