Universidade Cidade de São Paulo-UNICID, São Paulo, Brazil.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2020;1216:115-129. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-33330-0_12.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and frailty syndrome are major problems for successful aging. These conditions share many biological aspects, symptoms and adverse effects. Aerobic capacity and muscle strength, that are important characteristics for independence in daily activity, are markedly reduced in older adults with CVD and frailty. There are evidence and recommendations of physical activity and exercises to prevent, treat and manage these conditions. However, the exact dose-response (type, intensity and duration) of exercises is still uncertain for these population. A good physical exercise program should consider the aging physiologic alterations, the vulnerability of the frail syndrome, and the functional-structural changes of CVD. Therefore, a multicomponent program with aerobic and strength training is desirable to improve these conditions. For long term results it is important to older adults with these conditions to change lifestyle and be more active during daily living to reduce sedentary behavior. Being frail with CVD it is not a contraindication for older adults to be engaged in physical activities.
心血管疾病（CVD）和衰弱综合征是成功老龄化的主要问题。这些情况在许多生物学方面、症状和不良反应方面都有共同之处。有氧能力和肌肉力量是日常生活活动独立性的重要特征，在患有 CVD 和衰弱的老年人中明显降低。有证据和建议表明，身体活动和运动可以预防、治疗和管理这些疾病。然而，对于这些人群，运动的确切剂量反应（类型、强度和持续时间）仍然不确定。一个好的体育锻炼计划应考虑衰老的生理变化、衰弱综合征的脆弱性以及 CVD 的功能结构变化。因此，有氧和力量训练相结合的多组分方案是改善这些疾病的理想选择。对于患有这些疾病的老年人来说，为了获得长期效果，改变生活方式并在日常生活中更加活跃以减少久坐行为非常重要。患有 CVD 的衰弱并不是老年人从事身体活动的禁忌症。
