Xu Jingyi, Sangthong Rassamee, McNeil Edward, Tang Rong, Chongsuvivatwong Virasakdi
1Public Health and Management Faculty, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia China.
2Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110 Thailand.
Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2020 Jan 7;9(1):10. doi: 10.1186/s13756-019-0672-6. eCollection 2020.
Misuse of antibiotics in food animals contributes to an increase of antibiotic resistant bacteria transmitting to humans. China is the largest producer and user of antibiotics in the world, of which animals share more than half of the total consumption. This study aimed to explore Chinese farmer's practice of antibiotic use and the factors associated with their use.
In this cross-sectional survey, we interviewed farmers from 88 chicken farms in northwestern China. We defined two kinds of misuse: 1) using antibiotics in the Chinese prohibited list, and 2) using antibiotics within the recommended withdrawal period. Factor analysis was used to select farmers' knowledge variables and multinomial logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with antibiotic misuse.
All the participating farmers used antibiotics on their farms. Amoxicillin was the most common antibiotic used (76.5%), followed by norfloxacin, ofloxacin, ceftriaxone and oxytetracycline. 75% of farmers used antibiotics in the prohibited list while 14.8% continued to use antibiotics during the withdrawal period. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed three patterns of antibiotic use: 1) excessive use of non-prohibited and prohibited antibiotics or an excessive user, 2) low use of a few types of non-prohibited and moderate use of prohibited antibiotics or a low user, 3) multiple use of a variety (≥ 7 types) of non-prohibited and prohibited antibiotics or a moderate user. Farmers from medium size, family-based farms, those with a low education level and low income were more likely to misuse antibiotics. Prior formal agricultural training was associated with reducing multiple types of antibiotic use. There was a huge gap between policy and reinforcement causing antibiotic misuse in the study community.
Antibiotics are commonly used on chicken farms; misuse of antibiotics is high; improvement in farm sanitation, education on antibiotic use for farmers and veterinarians/pharmacists and enforcement of the regulations may reduce antibiotic use on chicken farms in China.
食用动物中抗生素的滥用导致了抗生素耐药菌向人类传播的增加。中国是世界上最大的抗生素生产国和使用国，其中动物抗生素消费量占总量的一半以上。本研究旨在探讨中国农民使用抗生素的做法及其使用相关因素。
在这项横断面调查中，我们采访了中国西北部88个养鸡场的农民。我们定义了两种滥用情况：1）使用中国禁止使用的抗生素，2）在推荐的休药期内使用抗生素。采用因子分析选择农民的知识变量，并使用多项逻辑回归确定与抗生素滥用相关的因素。
所有参与调查的农民在其农场中都使用抗生素。阿莫西林是最常用的抗生素（76.5%），其次是诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星、头孢曲松和土霉素。75%的农民使用了禁止使用的抗生素，而14.8%的农民在休药期继续使用抗生素。层次聚类分析揭示了三种抗生素使用模式：1）过度使用非禁止和禁止的抗生素或过度使用者，2）少量使用几种非禁止抗生素且适度使用禁止抗生素或低使用者，3）多种（≥7种）使用非禁止和禁止的抗生素或适度使用者。中等规模、家庭式农场的农民，教育水平低和收入低的农民更有可能滥用抗生素。先前接受正规农业培训与减少多种类型抗生素使用有关。在研究社区中，政策与强化措施之间存在巨大差距，导致抗生素滥用。
养鸡场普遍使用抗生素；抗生素滥用情况严重；改善农场卫生条件、对农民和兽医/药剂师进行抗生素使用教育以及加强监管可能会减少中国养鸡场的抗生素使用。
