Jo Areum, Kim Sunmi, Ji Kyunghee, Kho Younglim, Choi Kyungho
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
Accident Prevention and Assessment Division II, National Institute of Chemical Safety, Daejeon 34111, Korea.
Toxics. 2020 Jan 17;8(1):3. doi: 10.3390/toxics8010003.
Personal care products and cosmetics have been identified as major sources of paraben exposure among humans. However, the contribution of dietary factors has not been well understood. We recruited temple stay participants ( = 25) who followed a strict Buddhist vegetarian diet during a five-day period, and assessed the influence of this lifestyle change, employing their urine samples collected before and after the temple stay. Before the temple stay, methylparaben (MeP) was detected at the highest levels, followed by ethylparaben (EtP), propylparaben (PrP), butylparaben (BuP), and benzophenones (BPs) in the urine samples. Following the temple stay, the urinary EtP concentrations remarkably increased from 14.0 to 105 μg/L, and were around two orders of magnitude higher than those reported from other countries. Dietary factors associated with the temple diet may partly explain the increase, because EtP is allowed in Korea for seasoning and condiments, which are frequently added in vegetarian diets. Following the temple stay, however, MeP, PrP, and BPs did not show significant decreasing trends. In contrast, BuP levels decreased significantly, especially in male urine samples, that is, from 3.60 to 1.03 μ/L, suggesting a reduced use of certain personal care products during the temple stay. Our observations outline the potential importance of dietary factors on EtP exposure, and might help explain its high exposure levels among Korean population.
个人护理产品和化妆品已被确定为人类对羟基苯甲酸酯暴露的主要来源。然而，饮食因素的影响尚未得到充分理解。我们招募了在寺庙修行五天的参与者（n = 25），他们遵循严格的佛教素食饮食，并利用他们在寺庙修行前后收集的尿液样本评估这种生活方式改变的影响。在寺庙修行前，尿液样本中对羟基苯甲酸甲酯（MeP）的检测水平最高，其次是对羟基苯甲酸乙酯（EtP）、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯（PrP）、对羟基苯甲酸丁酯（BuP）和二苯甲酮（BPs）。在寺庙修行后，尿液中EtP的浓度从14.0显著增加到105μg/L，比其他国家报道的浓度高约两个数量级。与寺庙饮食相关的饮食因素可能部分解释了这种增加，因为在韩国，EtP被允许用于调味料和调味品，而这些在素食饮食中经常添加。然而，在寺庙修行后，MeP、PrP和BPs没有显示出显著的下降趋势。相比之下，BuP水平显著下降，尤其是在男性尿液样本中，即从3.60降至1.03μ/L，这表明在寺庙修行期间某些个人护理产品的使用减少。我们的观察结果概述了饮食因素对EtP暴露的潜在重要性，并可能有助于解释韩国人群中EtP的高暴露水平。
