Bensa Maja, Glavnik Vesna, Vovk Irena
Department of Food Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Plants (Basel). 2020 Jan 17;9(1):118. doi: 10.3390/plants9010118.
This is the first report on identification of all B-type proanthocyanidins from monomers to decamers (monomers-flavan-3-ols, dimers, trimers, tetramers, pentamers, hexamers, heptamers, octamers, nonamers, and decamers) and some of their gallates in leaves of Japanese knotweed ( Houtt.), giant knotweed ( F. Schmidt) and Bohemian knotweed ( × (Chrtek & Chrtkova) J.P. Bailey). Flavan-3-ols and proanthocyanidins were investigated using high performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) coupled to densitometry, image analysis, and mass spectrometry (HPTLC-MS/MS). All species contained (-)-epicatechin and procyanidin B2, while (+)-catechin was only detected in Bohemian and giant knotweed. (-)-Epicatechin gallate, procyanidin B1 and procyanidin C1 was only confirmed in giant knotweed. Leaves of all three knotweeds have the same chemical profiles of proanthocyanidins with respect to the degree of polymerization but differ with respect to gallates. Therefore, chromatographic fingerprint profiles of proanthocyanidins enabled differentiation among leaves of studied knotweeds, and between Japanese knotweed leaves and rhizomes. Leaves of all three species proved to be a rich source of proanthocyanidins (based on the total peak areas), with the highest content in giant and the lowest in Japanese knotweed. The contents of monomers in Japanese, Bohemian and giant knotweed were 0.84 kg/t of dry weight (DW), 1.39 kg/t DW, 2.36 kg/t, respectively, while the contents of dimers were 0.99 kg/t DW, 1.40 kg/t, 2.06 kg/t, respectively. Giant knotweed leaves showed the highest variety of gallates (dimer gallates, dimer digallates, trimer gallates, tetramer gallates, pentamer gallates, and hexamer gallates), while only monomer gallates and dimer gallates were confirmed in Japanese knotweed and monomer gallates, dimer gallates, and dimer digallates were detected in leaves of Bohemian knotweed. The profile of the Bohemian knotweed clearly showed the traits inherited from Japanese and giant knotweed from which it originated.
这是首篇关于鉴定虎杖（Houtt.）、大虎杖（F. Schmidt）和波希米亚虎杖（× （Chrtek & Chrtkova）J.P. Bailey）叶片中从单体到十聚体（单体 - 黄烷 - 3 - 醇、二聚体、三聚体、四聚体、五聚体、六聚体、七聚体、八聚体、九聚体和十聚体）的所有B型原花青素及其一些没食子酸盐的报告。使用高效薄层色谱（HPTLC）结合密度测定法、图像分析和质谱（HPTLC - MS/MS）对黄烷 - 3 - 醇和原花青素进行了研究。所有物种均含有（ - ） - 表儿茶素和原花青素B2，而（ + ） - 儿茶素仅在波希米亚虎杖和大虎杖中检测到。（ - ） - 表儿茶素没食子酸酯、原花青素B1和原花青素C1仅在大虎杖中得到确认。三种虎杖叶片在原花青素的聚合度方面具有相同的化学图谱，但在没食子酸盐方面存在差异。因此，原花青素的色谱指纹图谱能够区分所研究虎杖的叶片，以及虎杖叶片与根茎。所有三个物种的叶片均被证明是原花青素的丰富来源（基于总峰面积），其中大虎杖中含量最高，虎杖中含量最低。虎杖、波希米亚虎杖和大虎杖中单体的含量分别为0.84 kg/t干重（DW）、1.39 kg/t DW、2.36 kg/t，而二聚体的含量分别为0.99 kg/t DW、1.40 kg/t、2.06 kg/t。大虎杖叶片中没食子酸盐种类最多（二聚体没食子酸盐、二聚体二没食子酸盐、三聚体没食子酸盐、四聚体没食子酸盐、五聚体没食子酸盐和六聚体没食子酸盐），而虎杖中仅确认有单体没食子酸盐和二聚体没食子酸盐，波希米亚虎杖叶片中检测到单体没食子酸盐、二聚体没食子酸盐和二聚体二没食子酸盐。波希米亚虎杖的图谱清楚地显示了其从起源的虎杖和大虎杖继承的特征。
