Cardiovascular ICCC Program, Research Institute-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08001 Barcelona, Spain.
School of Medicine, University of Barcelona (UB), 08001 Barcelona, Spain.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Jan 22;21(3):732. doi: 10.3390/ijms21030732.
High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) particles, beyond serving as lipid transporters and playing a key role in reverse cholesterol transport, carry a highly variable number of proteins, micro-RNAs, vitamins, and hormones, which endow them with the ability to mediate a plethora of cellular and molecular mechanisms that promote cardiovascular health. It is becoming increasingly evident, however, that the presence of cardiovascular risk factors and co-morbidities alters HDLs cargo and protective functions. This concept has led to the notion that metrics other than HDL-cholesterol levels, such as HDL functionality and composition, may better capture HDL cardiovascular protection. On the other hand, the potential of HDL as natural delivery carriers has also fostered the design of engineered HDL-mimetics aiming to improve HDL efficacy or as drug-delivery agents with therapeutic potential. In this paper, we first provide an overview of the molecules known to be transported by HDL particles and mainly discuss their functions in the cardiovascular system. Second, we describe the impact of cardiovascular risk factors and co-morbidities on HDL remodeling. Finally, we review the currently developed HDL-based approaches.
高密度脂蛋白（HDL）颗粒不仅作为脂质转运体发挥作用，而且在胆固醇逆向转运中起着关键作用，还携带数量众多的蛋白质、micro-RNAs、维生素和激素，使它们能够介导多种促进心血管健康的细胞和分子机制。然而，越来越明显的是，心血管危险因素和合并症的存在改变了 HDL 的货物和保护功能。这一概念导致了这样一种观点，即除了 HDL 胆固醇水平之外，其他指标，如 HDL 功能和组成，可能更好地捕捉 HDL 的心血管保护作用。另一方面，HDL 作为天然递药载体的潜力也促进了设计工程化的 HDL 模拟物，旨在提高 HDL 的疗效或作为具有治疗潜力的药物递送剂。在本文中，我们首先概述了已知由 HDL 颗粒转运的分子，并主要讨论了它们在心血管系统中的功能。其次，我们描述了心血管危险因素和合并症对 HDL 重塑的影响。最后，我们综述了目前开发的基于 HDL 的方法。
