Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Šalata 4, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Department of Ophtalmology and Optometry, General Hospital Dubrovnik, Ulica dr. Roka Mišetića 2, 20000 Dubrovnik, Croatia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Jan 23;21(3):741. doi: 10.3390/ijms21030741.
Omega-3 (ω-3) and omega-6 (ω-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are nowadays desirable components of oils with special dietary and functional properties. Their therapeutic and health-promoting effects have already been established in various chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases through various mechanisms, including modifications in cell membrane lipid composition, gene expression, cellular metabolism, and signal transduction. The application of ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs in most common skin diseases has been examined in numerous studies, but their results and conclusions were mostly opposing and inconclusive. It seems that combined ω-6, gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), and ω-3 long-chain PUFAs supplementation exhibits the highest potential in diminishing inflammatory processes, which could be beneficial for the management of inflammatory skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and acne. Due to significant population and individually-based genetic variations that impact PUFAs metabolism and associated metabolites, gene expression, and subsequent inflammatory responses, at this point, we could not recommend strict dietary and supplementation strategies for disease prevention and treatment that will be appropriate for all. Well-balanced nutrition and additional anti-inflammatory PUFA-based supplementation should be encouraged in a targeted manner for individuals in need to provide better management of skin diseases but, most importantly, to maintain and improve overall skin health.
ω-3（ω-3）和 ω-6（ω-6）多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）是如今具有特殊饮食和功能特性的油的理想成分。通过各种机制，包括细胞膜脂质组成、基因表达、细胞代谢和信号转导的改变，它们在各种慢性炎症和自身免疫性疾病中的治疗和促进健康的作用已经得到确立。ω-3 和 ω-6 PUFAs 在许多常见皮肤病中的应用已经在大量研究中进行了检查，但它们的结果和结论大多是相反的，没有定论。似乎联合使用 ω-6、γ-亚麻酸（GLA）和 ω-3 长链 PUFAs 补充剂在减轻炎症过程方面具有最大的潜力，这可能有助于管理炎症性皮肤病，如特应性皮炎、银屑病和痤疮。由于影响 PUFAs 代谢以及相关代谢物、基因表达和随后的炎症反应的人口和个体遗传变异，目前我们不能推荐适用于所有人的严格的饮食和补充策略来预防和治疗疾病。应该以有针对性的方式鼓励均衡的营养和额外的基于抗炎 PUFAs 的补充剂，以满足有需要的个人，从而更好地管理皮肤疾病，但最重要的是，保持和改善整体皮肤健康。
