Department of Biology and Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA.
Department of Biology and Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
Dev Biol. 2020 May 1;461(1):1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.01.010. Epub 2020 Jan 22.
Embryonic development and regeneration accomplish a remarkable feat: individual cells work together to create or repair complex anatomical structures. What is the source of the instructive signals that specify these invariant and robust organ-level outcomes? The most frequently studied source of morphogenetic control is the host genome and its transcriptional circuits. However, it is now apparent that significant information affecting patterning also arrives from outside of the body. Both biotic and physical factors, including temperature and various molecular signals emanating from pathogens, commensals, and conspecific organisms, affect developmental outcomes. Here, we review examples in which anatomical patterning decisions are strongly impacted by lateral signals that originate from outside of the zygotic genome. The endogenous pathways targeted by these influences often show transgenerational effects, enabling them to shape the evolution of anatomies even faster than traditional Baldwin-type assimilation. We also discuss recent advances in the biophysics of morphogenetic controls and speculate on additional sources of important patterning information which could be exploited to better understand the evolution of bodies and to design novel approaches for regenerative medicine.
单个细胞协同工作，创造或修复复杂的解剖结构。那么，指定这些不变且稳健的器官水平结果的指令信号的来源是什么呢？最常被研究的形态发生控制的来源是宿主基因组及其转录电路。然而，现在很明显，影响模式形成的重要信息也来自于身体之外。包括温度在内的生物和物理因素，以及源自病原体、共生菌和同种生物的各种分子信号，都会影响发育结果。在这里，我们回顾了一些例子，其中来自胚胎基因组之外的侧向信号强烈影响了解剖结构的模式形成决策。这些影响所针对的内源性途径通常具有跨代效应，使它们能够比传统的鲍德温型同化更快地塑造解剖结构的进化。我们还讨论了形态发生控制的生物物理方面的最新进展，并推测了可能被用来更好地理解身体进化和设计用于再生医学的新方法的其他重要模式形成信息来源。
