Bomble Nikhil, Shetiya Sahana Hegde, Agarwal Deepti Rajendra
Department of Public Health Dentistry, Shri. Yashwantrao Chavan Dental College and Hospital, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India.
Department of Public Health Dentistry, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2020 Jan-Feb;24(1):67-71. doi: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_2_19. Epub 2019 Sep 25.
The relationship between oral health and systemic conditions has been increasingly debated over recent decades with one such discussion existing about oral hygiene and periodontitis with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Hence, a study was conducted to assess and compare the oral hygiene status and periodontal status of age and gender-matched participants with and without COPD and to correlate oral hygiene status and periodontal status with lung function status among them.
This hospital-based study included a study population of 117 participants (39 patients of COPD and 78 participants without COPD) 35-75 years of age with at least 20 natural teeth. Participant's demographic details and history of smoking were recorded. Lung function was recorded using a spirometer. Periodontal health was assessed by measuring Probing Pocket Depth (PPD), Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL), and Oral Hygiene Index (OHI) by a trained and calibrated examiner.
Higher mean of PPD, CAL, and OHI is being reported in the present study with 4.07 versus 3.50, 0.58 versus 0.24, and 5.24 versus 3.60, respectively, among patients with and without COPD which was statistically significant. The risk of having COPD was 0.4 times more in participants having poor oral hygiene and 0.07 times more in patients smoking. Smoking and oral hygiene, as independent variables, have a significant influence on COPD which is a dependent variable. A weak correlation was found of poor oral hygiene and loss of attachment among participants with COPD.
Periodontitis and respiratory disease share a common risk factor, i.e., smoking. Smoking has a definite relation with periodontitis and COPD. Oral hygiene is significantly associated with increased risk for COPD when age and gender effects have been matched and when adjusted for smoking. However, no association was found of PPD with COPD.
近几十年来，口腔健康与全身状况之间的关系一直备受争议，其中一个讨论焦点是口腔卫生与慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）的牙周炎之间的关系。因此，开展了一项研究，以评估和比较年龄及性别匹配的COPD患者和非COPD患者的口腔卫生状况和牙周状况，并将他们的口腔卫生状况和牙周状况与肺功能状况进行关联分析。
这项基于医院的研究纳入了117名参与者（39名COPD患者和78名非COPD参与者），年龄在35至75岁之间，至少有20颗天然牙。记录参与者的人口统计学细节和吸烟史。使用肺活量计记录肺功能。由经过培训和校准的检查人员通过测量探诊深度（PPD）、临床附着丧失（CAL）和口腔卫生指数（OHI）来评估牙周健康状况。
本研究报告显示，COPD患者和非COPD患者的PPD、CAL和OHI平均值较高，分别为4.07对3.50、0.58对0.24、5.24对3.60，差异具有统计学意义。口腔卫生差的参与者患COPD的风险高0.4倍，吸烟患者患COPD的风险高0.07倍。吸烟和口腔卫生作为自变量，对作为因变量的COPD有显著影响。在COPD参与者中，发现口腔卫生差与附着丧失之间存在弱相关性。
牙周炎和呼吸系统疾病有共同的危险因素，即吸烟。吸烟与牙周炎和COPD有明确关系。在年龄和性别因素匹配并校正吸烟因素后，口腔卫生与COPD风险增加显著相关。然而，未发现PPD与COPD之间存在关联。
