Department of Agricultural Structure and Bioenvironmental Engineering, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2020 Apr;70(4):379-392. doi: 10.1080/10962247.2020.1722291. Epub 2020 Feb 24.
Particulate matter (PM) from poultry production facilities may strongly affect the health of animals and workers in the houses, and PM emitted to the ambient air is an important pollution source to the surrounding areas. Aviary system is considered as a welfare friendly production system for laying hens. However, its air quality is typically worse as compared with conventional cage systems, because of the higher PM concentration of indoor air and other airborne contaminants. Furthermore, PM's physical property, which has a direct impact on the penetration depth into the lungs of the birds and humans, is largely unknown for the aviary system. Therefore, a systematic method was utilized to investigate the characteristics of particles in the aviary house with large cage aviary unit system (LCAU) in Beijing, China. For the field measurements, three measuring locations were selected with two inside and one outside the house with LCAU to continuously monitor PM concentrations and collect the samples for particle size distribution (PSD) analysis. Results showed that PM, PM, and total suspended particulate (TSP) concentrations averaged at 0.037 ± 0.025 mg/m, 0.42 ± 0.10 mg/m, and 1.92 ± 1.91 mg/m, respectively. Particle concentrations increased from October to December due to less ventilation as the weather got colder, and were generally affected by stocking density, ventilation rate, birds' activities, and housing system. Meanwhile, indoor PM concentration was easily impacted by the ambient air quality. Mass median diameter (MMD) and mass geometric standard deviation (MGSD) of the TSP during the measurement were 18.92 ± 7.08 μm and 3.11 ± 0.31, respectively. Count median diameter (CMD) and count geometric standard deviation (CGSD) were 1.94 ± 0.14 μm and 1.48 ± 0.08, respectively. Results indicated that the aviary system can attain a good indoor condition by suitable system design and environment control strategy.: Indoor PM concentration of the layer house can be significantly affected by ambient air quality when the air quality index (AQI) was larger than 100. PM and PM concentrations of the layer house with a LCAU system were comparable to the cage system. TSP concentration was higher, and PM size was larger than most of the cage system. System design, larger space volume, and higher ventilation rate were the main influence factors. Good indoor environment of the aviary system can be achieved through the reasonable design of the production system and appropriate environment control strategy.
家禽养殖场的颗粒物（PM）可能会对禽舍中的动物和工人的健康产生强烈影响，而排放到环境空气中的 PM 是周围地区的一个重要污染源。层架式鸡舍系统被认为是一种对蛋鸡友好的生产系统。然而，与传统笼养系统相比，其空气质量通常较差，因为室内空气和其他空气传播污染物的 PM 浓度更高。此外，PM 的物理性质对鸟类和人类肺部的穿透深度有直接影响，但对于层架式鸡舍系统，其 PM 的物理性质在很大程度上尚不清楚。因此，在中国北京，采用了一种系统的方法来研究带有大型笼养单元系统（LCAU）的层架式鸡舍内颗粒物的特性。在现场测量中，选择了三个测量点，其中两个在鸡舍内，一个在鸡舍外，以连续监测 PM 浓度并收集用于粒径分布（PSD）分析的样本。结果表明，PM、PM 和总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）浓度的平均值分别为 0.037±0.025mg/m、0.42±0.10mg/m 和 1.92±1.91mg/m。由于天气变冷通风减少，从 10 月到 12 月，PM 浓度增加，且通常受饲养密度、通风率、鸟类活动和饲养系统的影响。同时，室内 PM 浓度很容易受到环境空气质量的影响。测量期间 TSP 的质量中值直径（MMD）和质量几何标准偏差（MGSD）分别为 18.92±7.08μm 和 3.11±0.31。计数中值直径（CMD）和计数几何标准偏差（CGSD）分别为 1.94±0.14μm 和 1.48±0.08μm。结果表明，通过合适的系统设计和环境控制策略，层架式鸡舍可以达到良好的室内环境条件：当空气质量指数（AQI）大于 100 时，层舍的室内 PM 浓度会受到环境空气质量的显著影响。带有 LCAU 系统的层舍的 PM 和 PM 浓度与笼养系统相当。TSP 浓度较高，PM 粒径大于大多数笼养系统。系统设计、更大的空间体积和更高的通风率是主要影响因素。通过合理的生产系统设计和适当的环境控制策略，可以实现层架式鸡舍的良好室内环境。
