College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
Poult Sci. 2018 Dec 1;97(12):4137-4149. doi: 10.3382/ps/pey285.
High concentrations of particulate matter (PM) and ammonia (NH3) in poultry houses have adverse effects on the health of workers and animals. The present study investigated the distribution of the PM in different size fractions and NH3, as well as analyzing the physicochemical properties of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in an enclosed layer house. The detection was taken from 5:00 to 21:00 in every 2 h for a 7-d continuous monitoring using a DustTrak II model 8532 aerosol monitor for PM concentrations and a JK40-IV portable gas detector for NH3 concentrations. The concentrations of inhalable particulate matter (PM10), total suspended particles (TSP), and NH3 were significantly higher in the rear of the chicken house compared to the front (P < 0.05). The PM10, TSP, and NH3 concentrations inside the layer house were significantly higher than outside (P < 0.001). The concentrations of PM10 and TSP were both highest at the first feeding time at 7:00. The PM2.5/PM10, PM2.5/TSP, and PM10/TSP concentration ratios at 5:00 were highest with 0.84, 0.62, and 0.74, respectively. Airflow speed showed a significant correlation with other measured microclimatic variables. Organic carbon was the primary constituent of PM2.5 collected from the layer house. It was also observed that mass percentage of elements C and O were both the highest by energy spectrum diagrams of PM2.5. The ultrastructure of PM2.5 revealed that there were mineral particles derived from feed, feces, or the ground and that smoke polymers came from ambient air. In conclusion, air quality was better at the front than at the middle and rear of the layer house. Air quality outside was better than that inside the house. Chicken activities primarily caused the PM10 and TSP concentrations to increase in the chicken house. The main components of PM2.5 in the layer house were organic matter and minerals, which were mostly derived from feed, feces, and ground dust.
鸡舍内高浓度的颗粒物（PM）和氨（NH3）会对工人和动物的健康产生不利影响。本研究调查了不同粒径的 PM 和 NH3 的分布情况，并分析了密闭式层鸡舍内细颗粒物（PM2.5）的理化特性。使用 DustTrak II 型号 8532 气溶胶监测仪，每 2 小时检测一次，连续监测 7 天，检测 PM 浓度，使用 JK40-IV 便携式气体探测器检测 NH3 浓度，检测时间为每天 5:00 至 21:00。与鸡舍前部相比，鸡舍后部的可吸入颗粒物（PM10）、总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）和 NH3 浓度显著更高（P < 0.05）。层鸡舍内的 PM10、TSP 和 NH3 浓度明显高于外部（P < 0.001）。层鸡舍内的 PM10 和 TSP 浓度在第一次喂食时间（7:00）最高。5:00 时的 PM2.5/PM10、PM2.5/TSP 和 PM10/TSP 浓度比值最高，分别为 0.84、0.62 和 0.74。气流速度与其他测量的微气候变量呈显著相关。从层鸡舍采集的 PM2.5 中主要成分为有机碳。通过 PM2.5 的能谱图还发现，C 和 O 元素的质量百分比均最高。PM2.5 的超微结构表明，其中有源自饲料、粪便或地面的矿物质颗粒，以及源自环境空气的烟雾聚合物。总之，层鸡舍前部的空气质量优于中部和后部。鸡舍外的空气质量优于鸡舍内。鸡的活动主要导致鸡舍内 PM10 和 TSP 浓度增加。层鸡舍内 PM2.5 的主要成分是有机物和矿物质，主要来自饲料、粪便和地面灰尘。
