Inova Children's Hospital, 3300 Gallows Road, Falls Church, VA, 22042, USA.
Inova Translational Medicine Institute, 3300 Gallows Road, Falls Church, VA, 22042, USA.
BMC Urol. 2020 Jan 28;20(1):5. doi: 10.1186/s12894-020-0576-z.
Preliminary data suggest that the urinary microbiome may play a role in bladder cancer. Information regarding the most suitable method of collecting urine specimens is needed for the large population studies needed to address this. To compare microbiome metrics resulting from 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing between midstream, voided specimens and those obtained at cystoscopy.
Adults, with a history of superficial urothelial cell carcinoma (non-muscle invasive bladder cancer) being followed with periodic surveillance cystoscopy had a urine sample collected by a mid-stream, voided technique and then from the bladder at cystoscopy. Urine samples underwent 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq platform.
22 subjects (8 female, 14 male) were included. There was no significant difference in beta diversity (diversity between samples) in all samples between collection methods. However, analysis by sex revealed a difference between voided and cystoscopy samples from the same individual in males (p = 0.006, Adonis test) but not in females (p = 0.317, Adonis test). No differences were seen by collection method in any alpha diversity (diversity within a sample) measurement or differential abundance of taxa.
Beta diversity of the urine microbiome did differ by collection method for males only. This suggests that the urinary microbiomes of the two collection methods are not equivalent to each other, at least in males, which is the sex that bladder cancer occurs most frequently in. Therefore, the same collection method within a given study should be used.
初步数据表明，尿微生物组可能在膀胱癌中发挥作用。需要对大量人群进行研究，以了解这一点，因此需要有关收集尿样的最合适方法的信息。本研究旨在比较 16S 核糖体 RNA 基因测序得出的微生物组指标，比较经尿流中段、排空尿液样本和膀胱镜下采集的尿液样本之间的微生物组指标。
患有浅表尿路上皮癌（非肌肉浸润性膀胱癌）、定期接受监测性膀胱镜检查的成年人，通过尿流中段、排空技术采集尿液样本，然后通过膀胱镜采集膀胱尿液样本。尿液样本在 Illumina MiSeq 平台上进行 16S 核糖体 RNA 基因测序。
共纳入 22 名受试者（8 名女性，14 名男性）。所有样本中，不同采集方法之间的β多样性（样本之间的多样性）无显著差异。然而，按性别分析显示，男性的排空尿液样本和膀胱镜下采集的样本之间存在差异（p=0.006，Adonis 检验），但女性无差异（p=0.317，Adonis 检验）。在任何α多样性（样本内的多样性）测量或分类群的差异丰度方面，均未观察到采集方法的差异。
仅男性的尿液微生物组β多样性因采集方法而异。这表明，两种采集方法的尿液微生物组彼此并不等效，至少在男性中如此，而膀胱癌最常发生在男性中。因此，在给定的研究中应使用相同的采集方法。
