Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Medical Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Br J Nutr. 2020 May 14;123(9):994-1002. doi: 10.1017/S0007114520000318. Epub 2020 Jan 29.
Long-chain n-3 fatty acids have been shown to regulate lipid metabolism and reduce fat accumulation in the liver. This trial investigated the effect of flaxseed oil, as a rich source of α-linolenic acid, on fatty liver and cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The randomised, double-blind, controlled trial was performed on sixty-eight NAFLD patients who were divided into flaxseed (n 34) and sunflower (n 34) oil groups. Patients were given a hypoenergetic diet (-2092 kJ/d) and 20 g/d of the corresponding oil for 12 weeks. Fatty liver grade, liver enzymes and cardiometabolic parameters were determined. The intention-to-treat approach was used for data analysis. Fatty liver grade significantly decreased in both groups (-0·68 in flaxseed v. -0·29 in sunflower, P = 0·002). Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase decreased in both groups (P < 0·01). Also, significant reduction was observed in blood glucose (P = 0·005) and fat mass (P = 0·01) in the flaxseed and muscle mass (P = 0·01) in the sunflower group. However, none of these alterations was significantly different between the groups. Weight, waist circumference and blood pressure were significantly decreased in both groups but only weight change was significantly different between the groups (P = 0·01). IL-6 did not significantly change in either group but showed a significant between-group difference (P = 0·03). Overall, the results showed that in the context of a low-energy diet and moderate physical activity, flaxseed oil may benefit NAFLD patients to improve fatty liver grade, weight and IL-6 compared with sunflower oil.
长链 n-3 脂肪酸已被证明可调节脂质代谢并减少肝脏脂肪堆积。本试验研究了亚麻籽油（富含 α-亚麻酸）对非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）患者脂肪肝和心血管代谢危险因素的影响。这是一项随机、双盲、对照试验，共纳入 68 例 NAFLD 患者，将其分为亚麻籽油（n=34）和葵花籽油（n=34）组。患者接受低能量饮食（-2092 kJ/d）和相应油 20 g/d，持续 12 周。测定脂肪肝分级、肝酶和心血管代谢参数。采用意向治疗分析数据。两组脂肪肝分级均显著降低（亚麻籽油组-0.68 级，葵花籽油组-0.29 级，P=0.002）。两组丙氨酸氨基转移酶和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶均降低（P<0.01）。此外，亚麻籽油组血糖（P=0.005）和脂肪量（P=0.01）显著降低，葵花籽油组肌肉量（P=0.01）显著降低。然而，两组间这些变化无显著差异。两组体重、腰围和血压均显著降低，但仅体重变化有显著组间差异（P=0.01）。两组白细胞介素 6（IL-6）均无显著变化，但组间有显著差异（P=0.03）。总之，在低能量饮食和适度体力活动的背景下，与葵花籽油相比，亚麻籽油可能使 NAFLD 患者获益，改善脂肪肝分级、体重和 IL-6。
