Kpemissi Mabozou, Metowogo Kossi, Melila Mamatchi, Veerapur Veeresh P, Negru Mihai, Taulescu Marian, Potârniche Adrian-Valentin, Suhas Doddamavattur Shivalingaiah, Puneeth Tumbadi Adinarayanashetty, Vijayakumar Sachidananda, Eklu-Gadegbeku Kwashie, Aklikokou Kodjo
Faculty of Sciences, University of Lomé, Togo.
University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, Manastur Street. 3-5, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Toxicol Rep. 2020 Jan 18;7:162-168. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.01.007. eCollection 2020.
(CM) (Combretaceae) is widely used in traditional medicine throughout West Africa for the treatment of diabetes, hypertension, inflammation, malaria and liver ailments. In our recent research we demonstrated that CM has nephroprotective potentials in diabetes mellitus, hypertension and renal disorders. However, to the best of our knowledge, no systematic study concerning its toxicity profile has been reported.
The study carried out to evaluates the potential toxicity of the hydroalcoholic extract from leaves of the CM, through the method of acute and sub-chronic oral administration in rats.
During the acute toxicity study, male and female rats were orally administrated with CM extract at single doses of 5000 mg/kg (n = 5/group/sex). Abnormal behaviour, toxic symptoms, weight, and death were observed for 14 consecutive days to assess the acute toxicity. For sub-chronic toxicity study, the extract was administered orally at doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg (n = 5/group/sex) daily to Wistar rats for 28 days. The general behaviour and body weight of the rats was observed daily. A biochemical, haematological, macroscopical and histopathological examinations of several organs were conducted at the end of the treatment period. The CM extract was subjected to Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometric examination in order to detect the presence or absence of cyanide toxic compounds.
The absence of absorbance peaks between the 2220-2260 cm region of FT-IR spectrum of CM, indicating the absence of cyanide groups. This suggested that the CM extract may not contain toxic substances. During the acute toxicity test, no mortality or adverse effects were noted at the dose of 5000 mg/kg. In the subchronic study, the CM extract induced no mortality or treatment-related adverse effects with regard to body weight, general behaviour, relative organ weights, hematological, and biochemical parameters. Histopathological examination of vital organs showed normal architecture suggesting no morphological alterations.
The present study revealed that oral administration of CM extract for 28 days, at dosage up to 1000 mg/kg did not induce toxicological damage in rats. From acute toxicity study, the median lethal dose (LD) of the extract was estimated to be more than 5000 mg/kg.
（CM）（使君子科）在西非传统医学中被广泛用于治疗糖尿病、高血压、炎症、疟疾和肝脏疾病。在我们最近的研究中，我们证明CM在糖尿病、高血压和肾脏疾病中具有肾保护潜力。然而，据我们所知，尚未有关于其毒性特征的系统研究报道。
本研究旨在通过对大鼠进行急性和亚慢性口服给药的方法，评估CM叶水醇提取物的潜在毒性。
在急性毒性研究中，雄性和雌性大鼠以5000 mg/kg的单次剂量口服给予CM提取物（每组/性别n = 5）。连续14天观察异常行为、毒性症状、体重和死亡情况，以评估急性毒性。对于亚慢性毒性研究，将提取物以500和1000 mg/kg的剂量（每组/性别n = 5）每日口服给予Wistar大鼠，持续28天。每天观察大鼠的一般行为和体重。在治疗期结束时，对多个器官进行生化、血液学、宏观和组织病理学检查。对CM提取物进行傅里叶变换红外光谱检查，以检测是否存在氰化物有毒化合物。
CM的傅里叶变换红外光谱在2220 - 2260 cm区域没有吸收峰，表明不存在氰基。这表明CM提取物可能不含有有毒物质。在急性毒性试验中，5000 mg/kg剂量下未观察到死亡或不良反应。在亚慢性研究中，CM提取物在体重、一般行为、相对器官重量、血液学和生化参数方面未引起死亡或与治疗相关的不良反应。重要器官的组织病理学检查显示结构正常，表明没有形态学改变。
本研究表明，以高达1000 mg/kg的剂量口服CM提取物28天，未对大鼠造成毒理学损伤。从急性毒性研究中估计，该提取物的半数致死剂量（LD）超过5000 mg/kg。
