Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea.
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari, Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan; Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Kita-19, Nishi-12, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan.
Environ Pollut. 2020 May;260:114036. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114036. Epub 2020 Jan 21.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a well-known for endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) and is one of the highest amounts of chemicals produced worldwide. Some countries restrict the use of BPA, which is widely used in the production of a variety products. Considering the toxicity and limitations on use of BPA, efforts are needed to find safer alternatives. Increasingly, bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS) are alternatives of BPA, which is increasing their exposure levels in various environments. There are many ways to assess whether a chemical is an EDC. Here, we evaluated the endocrine-disrupting risks of the bisphenols by investigating their agonist and antagonist activities with the estrogen (ER), androgen (AR), and aryl hydrocarbon (AhR) receptors. Our results showed that BPA, BPS, and BPF (BPs) have estrogen agonist and androgen antagonist activities and decrease the ERα protein level. Interestingly, a mixture of the BPs had ER and anti-AR activity at lower concentrations than BPs alone. The activation of AhR was not a concentration-dependent effect of BPs, although it was increased significantly. In conclusion, BPs have estrogen agonist and androgen antagonist activities, and the effect of exposure to a BPs mixture differs from that of BPs alone.
双酚 A（BPA）是一种众所周知的内分泌干扰化学物质（EDC），也是全球产量最高的化学物质之一。一些国家限制 BPA 的使用，BPA 广泛用于生产各种产品。考虑到 BPA 的毒性和使用限制，需要努力寻找更安全的替代品。双酚 F（BPF）和双酚 S（BPS）越来越多地替代 BPA，这导致它们在各种环境中的暴露水平增加。有很多方法可以评估一种化学物质是否为 EDC。在这里，我们通过研究双酚类物质与雌激素（ER）、雄激素（AR）和芳香烃（AhR）受体的激动剂和拮抗剂活性，评估了双酚类物质的内分泌干扰风险。我们的结果表明，BPA、BPS 和 BPF（BPs）具有雌激素激动剂和雄激素拮抗剂活性，并降低 ERα 蛋白水平。有趣的是，与单独的 BPs 相比，BPs 混合物在较低浓度下具有 ER 和抗 AR 活性。BP 对 AhR 的激活不是浓度依赖性的，尽管它显著增加。总之，BPs 具有雌激素激动剂和雄激素拮抗剂活性，并且暴露于 BPs 混合物的影响不同于单独暴露于 BPs。
