SACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals in East and Southern Africa (SACIDS-ACE), SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3297, Morogoro, Tanzania.
Department of Biotechnical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (COVAB), Makerere University, P.O. Box 7962, Kampala, Uganda.
Acta Vet Scand. 2020 Jan 29;62(1):7. doi: 10.1186/s13028-020-0505-x.
Peste des petits ruminants virus causes a highly contagious disease, which poses enormous economic losses in domestic animals and threatens the conservation of wild herbivores. Diagnosis remains a cornerstone to the Peste des petits ruminants Global Control and Eradication Strategy, an initiative of the World Organisation for Animal Health and the Food and Agriculture Organisation. The present review presents the peste des petits ruminants diagnostic landscape, including the practicality of commercially available diagnostic tools, prototype tests and opportunities for new technologies. The most common peste des petits ruminants diagnostic tools include; agar gel immunodiffusion, counter-immunoelectrophoresis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction either gel-based or real-time, reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification, reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification assays, immunochromatographic lateral flow devices, luciferase immunoprecipitation system and pseudotype-based assays. These tests vary in their technical demands, but all require a laboratory with exception of immunochromatographic lateral flow and possibly reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification and reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification assays. Thus, we are proposing an efficient integration of diagnostic tests for rapid and correct identification of peste des petits ruminants in endemic zones and to rapidly confirm outbreaks. Deployment of pen-side tests will improve diagnostic capacity in extremely remote settings and susceptible wildlife ecosystems, where transportation of clinical samples in the optimum cold chain is unreliable.
小反刍兽疫病毒会引起一种高度传染性疾病，这会给家畜带来巨大的经济损失，并威胁到野生食草动物的保护。诊断仍然是小反刍兽疫全球控制和根除战略的基石，该战略是世界动物卫生组织和联合国粮食及农业组织的一项倡议。本综述介绍了小反刍兽疫的诊断现状，包括商业上可用的诊断工具、原型检测以及新技术的应用机会。最常见的小反刍兽疫诊断工具包括：琼脂凝胶免疫扩散试验、对流免疫电泳试验、酶联免疫吸附试验、基于凝胶或实时的逆转录聚合酶链反应、逆转录环介导等温扩增、逆转录重组酶聚合酶扩增试验、免疫层析侧向流动装置、荧光素免疫沉淀系统和假病毒检测方法。这些检测方法在技术要求上存在差异，但除了免疫层析侧向流动检测方法以及可能的逆转录环介导等温扩增和逆转录重组酶聚合酶扩增试验外，都需要在实验室中进行。因此，我们建议对诊断检测方法进行有效的整合，以便在流行地区快速准确地识别小反刍兽疫，并迅速确认疫情爆发。在极端偏远地区和易受感染的野生动物生态系统中部署床边检测方法将提高诊断能力，因为在这些地区，临床样本在最佳冷链中的运输不可靠。
