Omara Timothy, Nassazi Winfred, Omute Tom, Awath Aburu, Laker Fortunate, Kalukusu Raymond, Musau Bashir, Nakabuye Brenda Victoria, Kagoya Sarah, Otim George, Adupa Eddie
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Biological and Physical Sciences, Moi University, Uasin Gishu County, Kesses, P.O. Box 3900-30100, Academic Highway, Eldoret, Kenya.
Department of Quality Control and Quality Assurance, Product Development Directory, AgroWays Uganda Limited, Plot 34-60 Kyabazinga Way, P.O. Box 1924, Jinja, Uganda.
Int J Microbiol. 2020 Jan 7;2020:4723612. doi: 10.1155/2020/4723612. eCollection 2020.
Uganda is an agrarian country where farming employs more than 60% of the population. Aflatoxins remain a scourge in the country, unprecedentedly reducing the nutritional and economic value of agricultural foods. This review was sought to synthetize the country's major findings in relation to the mycotoxins' etiology, epidemiology, detection, quantification, exposure assessment, control, and reduction in different matrices. Electronic results indicate that aflatoxins in Uganda are produced by and and have been reported in maize, sorghum, sesame, beans, sunflower, millet, peanuts, and cassava. The causes and proliferation of aflatoxigenic contamination of Ugandan foods have been largely due to poor pre-, peri-, and postharvest activities, poor government legislation, lack of awareness, and low levels of education among farmers, entrepreneurs, and consumers on this plague. Little diet diversity has exacerbated the risk of exposure to aflatoxins in Uganda because most of the staple foods are aflatoxin-prone. On the detection and control, these are still marginal, though some devoted scholars have devised and validated a sensitive portable device for on-site aflatoxin detection in maize and shown that starter cultures used for making some cereal-based beverages have the potential to bind aflatoxins. More efforts should be geared towards awareness creation and vaccination against hepatitis B and hepatitis A to reduce the risk of development of liver cancer among the populace.
乌干达是一个农业国家，超过60%的人口从事农业生产。黄曲霉毒素在该国仍然是一大祸害，极大地降低了农产品的营养价值和经济价值。本综述旨在综合该国在霉菌毒素的病因、流行病学、检测、定量、暴露评估、控制以及不同基质中黄曲霉毒素的减少等方面的主要研究结果。电子检索结果表明，乌干达的黄曲霉毒素由[具体菌种1]和[具体菌种2]产生，并且已在玉米、高粱、芝麻、豆类、向日葵、小米、花生和木薯中被报道。乌干达食品中产黄曲霉毒素污染的原因及扩散很大程度上归因于收获前、收获期间和收获后的活动不佳、政府立法不完善、缺乏认识以及农民、企业家和消费者对这种祸患的教育水平较低。饮食多样性不足加剧了乌干达民众接触黄曲霉毒素的风险，因为大多数主食都容易受到黄曲霉毒素污染。在检测和控制方面，目前仍然很有限，不过一些专注的学者已经设计并验证了一种用于现场检测玉米中黄曲霉毒素的灵敏便携式设备，并且表明用于制作一些谷物类饮料的发酵剂有结合黄曲霉毒素的潜力。应该加大力度提高认识，并开展针对乙型肝炎和甲型肝炎的疫苗接种，以降低民众患肝癌的风险。
