Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, Santa Coloma de Gramenet 08921, Spain.
Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, Santa Coloma de Gramenet 08921, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, Torribera Food Science Campus, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet 08921, Spain.
J Dairy Sci. 2020 Apr;103(4):2982-2992. doi: 10.3168/jds.2019-17384. Epub 2020 Jan 31.
Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 has shown immunomodulatory action and reduction of infections; therefore, it is suggested to be appropriate for use in early life. The present study aimed to assess the effects of the supplementation of L. fermentum CECT5716 in rats during gestation and lactation periods on the composition of some mammary milk components such as microbiota, fatty acid (FA) profile, and immunoglobulins. Wistar rats were supplemented by oral gavage with 10 cfu/d of Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 (n = 6) or vehicle (n = 6) for 5 wk, comprising the 3 wk of gestation and the first 2 wk of lactation. At the end of the intervention, milk, mammary glands, and cecal contents were obtained for the tracking of the probiotic strain by nested PCR-quantitative PCR. Additionally, milk samples were used for the analysis of microbiota by 16S rRNA sequencing, FA by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector, and immunoglobulin by Luminex (Luminex Corporation, Austin, TX). Although L. fermentum CECT5716 administration did not modify the overall composition of milk microbiota, the strain was detected in 50% of the milk samples of rats supplemented with the probiotic. Moreover, probiotic administration induced beneficial changes in the FA composition of milk by increasing total PUFA, including linoleic and α-linolenic acids, and decreasing the proportion of palmitic acid. Finally, the milk of the rats treated with the probiotic showed a 2-fold increase of IgA levels. The supplementation with L. fermentum CECT5716 during pregnancy and lactation periods improved the milk composition of FA and immunoglobulins. These effects were not linked to the presence of the strain in milk, thus suggesting that the mechanism is connected to intestinal compartment. These findings provide novel insight into a potential new approach for infants to benefit from better nutrition, development of a healthy immune system and microbiota, and protection from gastrointestinal infections.
发酵乳杆菌 CECT5716 具有免疫调节作用和减少感染的作用；因此，建议在生命早期使用。本研究旨在评估在妊娠和哺乳期给大鼠补充发酵乳杆菌 CECT5716 对一些乳腺牛奶成分的组成的影响，如微生物群、脂肪酸 (FA) 谱和免疫球蛋白。Wistar 大鼠通过口服灌胃补充 10 cfu/d 的发酵乳杆菌 CECT5716（n = 6）或载体（n = 6），持续 5 周，包括妊娠的 3 周和哺乳期的前 2 周。干预结束时，获得牛奶、乳腺和盲肠内容物，通过巢式 PCR-定量 PCR 追踪益生菌株。此外，使用牛奶样本通过 16S rRNA 测序分析微生物群、气相色谱-火焰离子化检测器分析 FA 以及 Luminex（德克萨斯州奥斯汀市的 Luminex 公司）分析免疫球蛋白。尽管发酵乳杆菌 CECT5716 的给药并没有改变牛奶微生物群的总体组成，但在补充益生菌的大鼠的 50%的牛奶样本中检测到了该菌株。此外，益生菌给药通过增加总多不饱和脂肪酸（包括亚油酸和α-亚麻酸）和降低棕榈酸比例，诱导了牛奶 FA 组成的有益变化。最后，用益生菌处理的大鼠的牛奶中 IgA 水平增加了 2 倍。在妊娠和哺乳期补充发酵乳杆菌 CECT5716 改善了 FA 和免疫球蛋白的牛奶组成。这些影响与该菌株在牛奶中的存在无关，因此表明该机制与肠道有关。这些发现为婴儿通过更好的营养、健康的免疫系统和微生物群的发展以及胃肠道感染的保护来受益提供了新的见解。
